P300: a cognitive evaluation tool in acute ischemic stroke: a narrative review

Cognition is the scientific term for mental processes. These processes include attention, memory, problem solving, making decisions, producing and understanding language. This cognitive function is altered by various conditions like brain damage, ageing etc. Stroke is one of the main cause of cognitive impairment with an incidence ranging between 12 and 56% of affected population. P 300 is a long latency endogenous evoked potential. And it is referred to as cognitive evoked potential or event related potentials. P 300 is a wave form appears about 300ms following task - related endogenous stimuli which require attention and patients cooperation. The P 300 reflects processes related to attention, decision - making and memory updating. Research design: Narrative Review. EEG apparatus, event related potential P 300 wave form. In general, exercise improves the cognitive function. Various types of subjective measures available to assess the cognitive function but there is no direct reliable measure to asses cognitive function in patients. There is a need to find the scientific way of measuring cognitive function. In this review, a neurophysiological measure P 300 is explained to measure the cognitive function improvement after physical therapy management in stroke. P 300 will be a novel way of measuring cognitive function improvement after physical therapy management in stroke

Effective re-education of "two joints muscle synergism" to promote gait variables in spastic cerebral palsy: an empirical study

To identify and compare the [two joint muscles] mechanics of spastic cerebral palsies and to manipulate the [two joint muscles] mechanics to improve gait quality in spastic CPs. Nine Spastic CPs, [two males and seven females, of mean age 4.9 years], were studied, following the categorical selection criteria. The therapeutic regimen was reinforced by, [specific muscle reeducation techniques] focusing to inhibit the abnormal synergism. The spastics had higher stiffness due to the primary impairments [muscle tone/ movement patterns, distribution, balance etc.], differences in the landing angles of feet due to secondary impairments [ROM, joint alignment, force production, etc.] and higher energy requirements. Interventions to enhance outcomes were positively correlated. The potential determinants of motor change in two joint muscles could assist in the functional performance with regard to gait and posture. Biochemical studies on energy requirements in CPs are recommended

comparative study on the functional outcomes following intramedullary nailing and use of external fixator in tibia fracture: physiotherapeutic perspective

To compare the functional outcomes between Intramedullary Nailing and External Fixator used for treating Tibial Shaft Fracture. Design: Comparative Study - Prospective. The study was done at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department of Sheikh Rashid Hospital, Dubai during July 2011. All patients were admitted through emergency department and wards of this institute. The study is based on four male patients of mean age of 23, non-diabetic, having tibial diaphyseal fractures. Two patients were treated with Intramedullary Nailing and the other two with External Fixator. They were followed up for a period of three weeks. Recommended rehabilitation guidelines were observed for all the cases. There was a significant difference in the functional outcome between the patients treated with IM nailing and those treated with External Fixator, with the former having faster recovery. This was evidenced by the use of Lower Extremity Functional Scale Score which showed an improvement of around 40% by the end of three weeks for the patients treated with IM nailing as compared to patients with External Fixator who showed only 15% of improvement by the end of 3 weeks. IM nailing technique is more advantageous than External Fixation because of early mobilization [early weight bearing], normal anatomical alignment and fewer complications