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1.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143476

RESUMEN

Head injury is a serious health problem throughout the world. Increasing vehicles on roads work as catalyst for high incidence of casualties especially of Cranio-cerebral injuries. This is an autopsy based study of head injury cases, conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, S.N. Medical College Agra in year 2009-2010 for their demographic and etiological profile. Majority of the victims of head injury are male (76%) and of 3rd – 4th decade of life (54.4%). 66.4% head injury cases due to accident, Road traffic accident is the single largest cause i.e. 59.2%; out of which two wheelers are responsible for one-third (33%) of the casualties. Most common external injury is laceration of the scalp with or without contusion. Fracture of skull bones (97.2% cases; mostly fissured and comminuted fracture of parietal & temporal) and intracranial hemorrhages (96.4%) are seen in almost all the cases. Contre-coup injuries seen in about 2.8% cases, contre-coup haemorrhage observe mostly fronto-temporal area. Majority of the victim died on the spot or in the way to hospital without any medical assistance where the Cause of death mostly haemorrhage and shock.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Causas de Muerte , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/epidemiología , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/etiología , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/mortalidad , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/estadística & datos numéricos , Demografía , Femenino , Cabeza/lesiones , Humanos , India , Hemorragias Intracraneales/etiología , Hemorragias Intracraneales/mortalidad , Masculino , Adulto Joven
2.
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-143473

RESUMEN

Chest injuries are always a great challenge for medical professionals as two of the vital organs, which are present there, very often involved & damaged causing excessive bleeding and death. These injuries are usually caused by blunt forces or sharp penetrating weapons. Here in this paper 60 cases of chest injuries by blunt forces are studied for their epidemiological, medicolegal and clinico-pathological aspects. Most of them are adult/ middle aged male between 20-50years of age, hit or run over by heavy vehicles in road traffic accidents. Lungs are lacerated in almost all the cases and internal haemorrhage & shock is the prime cause of death. Heart, aorta & other organs were also involved in substantial number of cases. Though majority of them died within two hours, either on the spot or in the way to the hospital, an attempt is also made to correlate the prognosis & the nature of injuries.


Asunto(s)
Accidentes de Tránsito/legislación & jurisprudencia , Accidentes de Tránsito/mortalidad , Autopsia , Adulto , Resultado Fatal , Hemorragia , Humanos , India , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos Torácicos/etiología , Traumatismos Torácicos/mortalidad , Heridas no Penetrantes/etiología , Heridas no Penetrantes/mortalidad , Adulto Joven
3.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2003 Dec; 41(12): 1456-9
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-60317

RESUMEN

Due to similarities in lipid metabolism to those in humans, hamster is considered as a good model for the study of regulatory mechanisms of plasma lipoproteins in response to cholesterol or fatty acid-enriched diet. This model of hyperlipidemia has been modified to produce dyslipidedmia with diabetes complexities by feeding with high fat diet added with 9% (w/w) fructose. Feeding this diet to hamster for 10 days markedly increases plasma levels of triglyceride, cholesterol, fatty acids followed by a significant increase in glycerol, beta lipoproteins, high density lipoprotein, glucose and glycosylated proteins. This model is being used for research and development of lipid lowering drugs with hypoglycemic activity in collaboration with Novo Nordisk, Denmark. The modified high fat diet formulation has now been prepared (Research diet D.99122211) and supplied by Research Diets Inc, Burnswick USA.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Hipolipemiantes/uso terapéutico , Cricetinae , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicaciones , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Hiperlipidemias/complicaciones , Fenofibrato/uso terapéutico
4.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 2001 Jul; 39(7): 623-8
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-59258

RESUMEN

Antigenic characterization of the soluble fraction of axenic amastigotes of Leishmania donovani ( strain Dd8, causative agent of Indian kala-azar) and their comparison with promastigotes is reported. The axenic amastigotes were assessed for their immunological status employing anti-A2 monoclonal antibody which is extremely specific for L. donovani amastigotes. SDS-PAGE of 35[S] methionine labeled proteins of the two parasite stages exhibited few stage specific and some conserved antigens in both the stages. An increased synthesis of heat shock proteins was observed in axenic amastigotes. Western blot experiments employing sera of kala azar positive patients identified immunodominent antigens of 116,83,26 and 12 kDa in axenic amastigotes which were not present in promastigotes. These amastigote stage specific antigens may have immense potential in immunodiagnosis and prophylaxis of kala-azar.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Epítopos Inmunodominantes/aislamiento & purificación , Leishmania donovani/crecimiento & desarrollo , Leishmaniasis Visceral/inmunología , Proteínas Protozoarias/inmunología
5.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1997 Apr; 35(4): 393-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-59869

RESUMEN

During L. donovani infection in golden hamsters, tremendous hepatic damage was observed as apparent from increased activities of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, succinate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphatase and acid ribonuclease. The levels of cytochrome P-450 and related monooxygenases, viz. aniline hydroxylase and aminopyrine-N-demethylase registered significant decrease in infected animals. Sodium stibogluconate, a standard antileishmanial drug, though caused the removal of parasites from infected tissues, but did not help in the recovery of deranged hepatic markers. The results explain the higher mortality of stibanate treated infected animals as compared to untreated animals infected with L. donovani.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Gluconato de Sodio Antimonio/farmacología , Antiprotozoarios/farmacología , Cricetinae , Leishmania donovani , Leishmaniasis Visceral/tratamiento farmacológico , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Oxigenasas de Función Mixta/metabolismo
6.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1995 Mar; 33(3): 222-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-58370

RESUMEN

On exposing promastigotes of L. donovani (Dd-8) to 34 degrees C for 30 hr, the flagella were shed, and size was decreased with 10% viability loss. The in vitro and in vivo infectivity of two forms was more or less similar. The 45Ca2+ uptake by the transformed cells was increased as compared to normal cells. Activity of 5'-nucleotidase was increased while activity of Mg(2+)-ATPase remained same. Parasite antioxidant enzymes were also significantly altered by heat shock. There was significant increase in superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase. It was accompanied by decrease in ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Glutatión/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Reductasa/metabolismo , Calor , Leishmania donovani/enzimología , Oxidación-Reducción , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo
7.
Indian J Biochem Biophys ; 1994 Jun; 31(3): 211-3
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-26947

RESUMEN

During Leishmania donovani infection of golden hamsters, changes in the glutathione levels of lymphoid tissues were observed. While in liver and thymus there was significant decrease in the levels of reduced and oxidised glutathione, that in spleen, bone marrow cells, peritoneal exudate cells and lymph nodes increased, indicating a role for host glutathione in establishing the infection.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Cricetinae , Glutatión/metabolismo , Leishmania donovani , Leishmaniasis Visceral/metabolismo , Tejido Linfoide/metabolismo , Masculino , Mesocricetus
8.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1991 Jun; 29(6): 516-20
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-58838

RESUMEN

(-)Epicatechin, an active principle in the water extract of the bark of Pterocarpus marsupium increases the cAMP content of the islets which is associated with the increased insulin release, conversion of proinsulin to insulin and cathepsin B activity. The response of the islets to the (-)epicatechin stimulation is more pronounced in immature (one month old) than in mature (12 month old) rats.


Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento/metabolismo , Animales , Catequina/farmacología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Islotes Pancreáticos/metabolismo , Masculino , Proinsulina/metabolismo , Ratas
9.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1989 Nov; 27(11): 983-6
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-56986

RESUMEN

Trophozoites of G. lamblia, a human parasite, were lysed by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) of healthy individuals during in vitro interaction. However, the parasite damaged PMNL of giardiasis patients. A prior treatment of giardia trophozoites with anti-giardia serum, caused agglutination of pathogen and, thereby, the cytotoxic capacity of the parasite was reduced. Interaction of giardia-trophozoites with peritoneal macrophage, derived from infected mouse, reduced the phagocytic activity of the latter to 43% (against 100% in control). Macrophage activity was, however, stimulated to 131% when the mice were immunized with giardia antigen prior to experimental infection. Giardia extract proved cytotoxic at a dose of 0.7 mg, to HeLa cells in tissue culture. These in vitro studies offer experimental evidence of the cytotoxic and immuno-toxic behaviour of G. lamblia towards the host cells.


Asunto(s)
Animales , Giardia/patogenicidad , Giardiasis/inmunología , Células HeLa , Interacciones Huésped-Parásitos , Humanos , Macrófagos/inmunología , Ratones , Neutrófilos/inmunología , Virulencia
11.
19.
J Biosci ; 1983 Jun; 5(2): 125-129
Artículo en Inglés | IMSEAR | ID: sea-160220

RESUMEN

Interaction of [125I]-insulin with intact hepatocytes and its correlation with circulatory insulin level was examined. The hepatocytes from new-born rats bound lowest amount of [125I]-insulin (1.39±0.41 pM/mg cell protein) when circulatory insulin level was high (8±1.5 μU/ml). Hepatocytes from 7 day and 21 day old animals demonstrated a more or less similar relationship, Cells from 31 day old animals exhibited maximum insulin binding, activity (5.13±0.18.pM/mg cell protein) against a low serum insulin level (4.25±0.25 μU/ ml). Scatchard analysis of insulin binding shows that the affinity is higher in the hepatocytes from new-born animals than in the hepatocytes of 31 day old animals. Higher binding observed in the latter case may be due to a greater number of binding sites. Hepatocytes from one year old rats bound very little insulin (2.50±0.36 pM/mg cell protein) against a high circulatory insulin level (9.25±0.85 μU/ml). In view of these results, it appears that the down-regulation hypothesis holds true during ontogeny too.

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