Delineation of Purple Blotch Disease Hotspots Caused by Alternaria porri in Key Onion Cultivation Regions of Southern Karnataka, India

Onion (Allium cepa L.) stands as a crucial bulb crop and a primary commercial vegetable crop in India. Among the various maladies affecting bulb and seed development, purple blotch, caused by Alternaria porri, stands out as one of the most devastating. This ailment inflicts extensive damage on both bulb and seed crops. Through an extensive roving survey, we have unveiled the disease's prevalence, enabling the identification of disease hotspots in the major onion cultivation regions of southern Karnataka. A total of 28 hotspot regions were identified in the eight districts surveyed for purple blotch disease severity in onions. Notably, the highest mean of percent disease index (PDI) was recorded in Chikkamagaluru (51.12%), while Chamarajanagara showed the lowest mean PDI (23.35%). Among all surveyed villages, the most severe disease prevalence was observed in Koverahatti village within Hiriyur taluk of Chitradurga district, with a PDI of 64.47%. On the other hand, the lowest disease severity was noted in Uttamballi village (16.89%) in Kollegala taluk, Chamarajanagara district.

Effect on the Prevalence of Various Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Diseases due to Paradigm Change in the Guidelines

Background: Diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs) have gone through various changes in nomenclature and classification since they were first described in 1868. Increasing knowledge about their etiopathogenesis has since led to several reclassifications and changes in the nomenclature. This has had a major impact on the prevalence of each interstitial lung disease (ILD) reported by the different registries worldwide. In this study, we attempted to describe the distribution of the different DPLDs in our population and reported changes in prevalence due to changing diagnostic criteria for the disease. Materials and methods: We analyzed retrospective data of 434 patients. For the initial 75 patients, ATS/ERS guidelines published in 2002 were followed in the diagnosis of the ILD (group I). In the later part of the study (359 patients), the diagnosis was based on the computed tomography (CT) patterns defined by ATS/ERS/JPS/ALAT statement on diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and updated 2013 ATS/ERS guidelines (group II). Results: Of the 75 patients in group I, IPF was the most common diagnosis (52%) made at that time, followed by sarcoidosis and connective tissue-related ILD (CTD-ILD) with 12% each. Group II had 359 patients, with IPF again being the most commonly diagnosed ILD with 21.3%. This was followed by CTD-ILD (18.6%), sarcoid (14.7%), and idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis (iNSIP; 13.3%). The changing guidelines have an impact on reporting of different DPLD by our multidisciplinary teamover a period of time. Though IPF was the most commonest DPLD reported among both the groups, the diagnosis of IPF had fallen by more than half in the second group. It was paralleled by an increase in the diagnosis of iNSIP and chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis. These reported changes in the prevalence of DPLDs may reflect the better-defined criteria in the latest guidelines and a better understanding of the fibrotic ILDs other than IPF by the multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: The frequency of diagnosis of the different DPLDs has changed, following the publication of several guidelines in the last decade. It has recognized newer entities with greater clarity, such as idiopathic NSIP and interstitial pneumonia with autoimmune features.

ZnO: SnO2 nanocomposite efficacy for gas sensing and microbial applications

The unique characteristics of 2-dimensional hetero structure offers efficient gas sensing with high selectivity to identify gases from the interference gases which is quite difficult. In the present work, ZnO: SnO2Nano composite clusters (NCC) is prepared. A resistive metal oxide volatile organic compound (VOC) gas sensor is fabricated with nullifying the effect of humidity by increasing temperature optimally. A single-step SOL-GEL (SG) synthesis is used to prepare ZnO: SnO2 NCC with maximum Zn/Sn molar concentration ratio of 3. The morphological studies through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), electrical properties due to oxygen vacancies and energy band variations of Nanocomposite are measured. The enhancement of gas sensor sensitivity due to highly mesoporous nature of the composite is observed. From the findings, the abundant mesopores in the range of 2 nm-14 nm and specific surface area of 54.2 m2 g?1 with the average crystal size of 14.236 nm, and polar surface area of the composite 25.9651Åis achieved. When compared to bare ZnO and SnO2 gas sensors, the present gas sensor offers the higher selectivity with enhanced performance due to the mesoporous structure. Fast repeatability rate of 2200 sec at 350?C to ethanol is attained and the overall selectivity of the sensor increased twice as 2.085. The NCC compound is tested firstly with micro organisms such as B. subtilis (B. S), Bacillus cereus (B. C), B. coagulans (B. C), Pseudonymous auriginosa (P. A) are considered for antimicrobial activity. From the findings, zinc stannate compound showed good efficacy towards B. cereus Gram positive and P.A gram-negative. A bacterial growth is arrested highly with B. cereus.

Anti pathogenic studies of new mixed ligand metal chelates

Drug discovery aimed at the methodical extermination of life-threatening bacterial infection, especially considering the emergence of multi-drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria has remained a challenge for medicinal inorganic chemistry. In this article, the mixed ligand complexes of Cu (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) containing heterocyclic ligands were synthesized and characterized by IR, LC-MS, UV, and TG-DTA. Complexes are screened for Anti-microbial activity against human pathogenic bacteria.

Severe haemoptysis in a 5 year old child with Kartagener's syndrome: case report

Kartagener`s syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder is a type of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD) associated situs inversus, bronchiectasis, sinusitis and male infertility. We present a case of a 5-year-old girl who came with features of bilateral glue ear, recurrent sinusitis, recurrent hemoptysis and dextrocardia. She was diagnosed to have Kartagener`s syndrome and was evaluated for recurrent hemoptysis.

Smartphone Addiction among Students of Medical University in South India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background:Smartphone has become an integral part of our daily living. The problem of smartphone addiction is growing across the world especially among students. Aim: This study was conducted to know the magnitude of smartphone addiction among students of the medical university.Methods: It is a questionnaire based cross section observational study conducted at Yenepoya University campus, Mangalore, Karnataka State, South India, from July 2017 to November 2017 involving 328 students from all constituent colleges of University looking at smartphone usage among students. Results:328 students from all constituent colleges of University were taken as study sample; it had 48.2% males and 51.8% females. The mean age of the sample was 21.1 ± 3 years. All the students are using a smartphone. 46% of students using smartphone 4-6 hours per day and main use of smartphone were for social networking. Based on cut off values, 36.8 % of students were addicted to smartphone. Nearly half of the male students and a quarter of female students were addicted to smartphone. Conclusion: The problem of Smartphone usage/addiction has reached an alarming level. There is need to create awareness of the problem and plan effective intervention strategies.

A study on management of oral cancer in a tertiary care hospital

Background: Oral cancers form nearly 30% of the cancers. The most effective way of combating oral cancer is by early diagnosis followed by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy which is the most popular approach in current practice. The adverse effects seen in oral cancer patient’s due to their treatment are nausea & vomiting, mucositis, constipation, diarrhoea, fatigue & radiation dermatitis. Polypharmacy is due to variety of treatment options in oral cancer patients, which needs to be addressed.Methods: Over a period of 18 months, the in-patient records of 79 patients with oral cancers, admitted to oncology ward of Justice K. S. Hegde Charitable Hospital, Mangalore, were scrutinized and the data collected in a specially designed proforma. Descriptive analysis of the data was done.Results: Required data was collected from 79 patients, out of which 55.7% of the patients underwent surgery and later received chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Most commonly seen adverse effects due to treatment were weight loss (75.9%), reduced appetite (67.1%), fatigue (75.9%), pain (79.7%) and skin discoloration (50.6%), etc. Various classes of adjuvant drugs were used for complications caused due to the treatment of oral cancers. Drugs like topical applicant /mouth washes constituted the bulk of the prescriptions (22%) followed by nutritional supplements (15.34%), NSAID/opioids (12.76%) hematinic (12.59 %) and other groups of drugs were also used.Conclusions: Present study helped us to plan evidence based strategies to reduce or prevent post treatment complications. Most of the adverse effects were treated accordingly to keep the patient comfortable.

Knowledge,attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support and medical emergencies among dental interns in Mangalore City,India / 世界急诊医学杂志（英文）

BACKGROUND:This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and anxiety pertaining to basic life support (BLS) and medical emergencies among interns in dental colleges of Mangalore city, Karnataka, India. METHODS:The study subjects comprised of interns who volunteered from the four dental col eges. The knowledge and attitude of interns were assessed using a 30-item questionnaire prepared based on the Basic Life Support Manual from American Heart Association and the anxiety of interns pertaining to BLS and medical emergencies were assessed using a State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) Questionnaire. Chi-square test was performed on SPSS 21.0 (IBM Statistics, 2012) to determine statistical y significant differences (P<0.05) between assessed knowledge and anxiety. RESULTS:Out of 183 interns, 39.89％ had below average knowledge. A total of 123 (67.21％) reported unavailability of professional training. The majority (180, 98.36％) felt the urgent need of training in basic life support procedures. Assessment of stress showed a total of 27.1％ participants to be above high-stress level. Comparison of assessed knowledge and stress was found to be insignificant (P=0.983). CONCLUSION:There was an evident lack of knowledge pertaining to the management of medical emergencies among the interns. As oral health care providers moving out to the society, a focus should be placed on the training of dental interns with respect to Basic Life Support procedures.

Dental Graduates Awareness of Child Abuse and Neglect (CAN).

Aims: To assess the knowledge and attitude of dental graduates regarding identification of child abuse and neglect (CAN). Study Design: This study included Dental graduates from Krishna and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh, India. A questionnaire with 15 questions about Dentists’ attitudes, Dentists’ knowledge on “Child Abuse and Neglect” was made. Two hundred randomly selected dentists who have minimum five years of clinical experience were selected from Indian Dental Association data base and questionnaire was sent to them by post with return postage paid. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry, St. Joseph Dental College, Duggirala, Eluru. Between June 2014-November 2014. Methodology: In an effort to understand the dental graduates’ mindset in an ever changing scenario so that children can be identified and rendered proper care at the right time in the right way. Questionnaires were sent via post to two hundred dental graduates with minimum of five years working experience, working in both public and private sectors. Questionnaire contained three sections with a total of 15 questions. The response formats were tabulated and analyzed statistically. Results: Hundred and seventy dental graduates responded to the questionnaire. Conclusion: The dentists who responded demonstrated an overall poor understanding about the problem of Child Abuse and Neglect, despite a very high level of interest showed by them for further information about their responsibilities.

Optimal Portfolio Construction With Nifty Stocks.

This paper endeavors to build an ideal portfolio by utilizing Sharpe‘s Single index model. For this reason, NSE NIFTY and all the 50 stocks where are a part of it have been utilized as business record for planning portfolio. The everyday information for all the stocks and list for the period of April 2008 to December 2013 has been gathered. The proposed model will define a special cut off point (Cut off rate of return) and chooses stocks having overabundance of their normal return over risk free rate of return surpassing this cut-off point. Rate of venture in each of chosen stocks is then settled on the support of separate weights allocated to each one stock relying upon individual beta value, stock development change unsystematic risk, return on stock and hazard free return versus the cut off rate of return. According to our findings, our optimal portfolio comprises of four stocks chose out of 50 shot recorded scripts, giving the reappearance of 0.116 %.

Evaluation of Anti-diabetic Potentials of Methanol Extract of Ficus hispida Linn. Leaves Against Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats.

Objective: The present study was designed to evaluate the acute and chronic effects of the methanol extract of Ficus hispida against alloxan (150 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats. Methods: In acute study, hypoglycemic potency of methanol extract of Ficus hispida was assessed by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and in chronic study of 21 days, extract at different doses ( ie 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was screened for itsanti-diabetic activity. Blood glucose level had been estimated at 0, 7th, 14th and 21st and addition to this serum concentrations of insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, serum glutamate oxaloacetae transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and urea determined at 21st day of the study. Results: In OGTT, standard glibenclamide and extract (200 and 400 mg/kg) have shown significant reduction in blood glucose level compared to control group. In chronic model, the methanol extract was effective in reducing the blood glucose levels (P <0.001) at higher dose (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) and effect was comparable to that of standard. The extract could also significantly (P<0.001) reduced level of SGOT, triglycerides and cholesterol in serum and significantly (P<0.001) increased the insulin level in blood which proves beneficial antidiabetic potentials of the extract in diabetic model. The change in concentrations of SGPT and urea were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The methanol extract of Ficus hispida posses significant anti-diabetic activity in alloxan induced diabetis in rats model.

Crouzan Syndrome - A Case Report.

Genetic disorders account for a significant amount of morbidity and mortality in children and are of primary interest to the dentist. Crouzan syndrome is one of a rare group of syndromes characterized by craniosynostosis or premature closing of the cranial sutures. The major features are Brachycephaly, ocular proptosis, under developed maxilla, midface hypoplasia, rare cleft lip, palate. Early Craniectomy is often needed to alleviate the raised intracranial pressure. This paper discusses a case report of five year old girl with the features of crouzan syndrome and a multidisciplinary approach to be followed in managing the situation.

Teacher collins syndrome : case report and review of literature.

Treacher-Collins syndrome (TCS) is a rare congenital, craniofacial disorder that is inherited as an autosomal dominant pattern. The present case report describes TCS in a Caucasian girl aged 8 years with full tetrad of cardinal features in addition to mental retardation, deafness and dumbness since birth. The management of the child while delivering the treatment requires patience, skill and knowledge about the condition, which are essential for a Pedodontist and treatment that has to be tailored to the specific needs of each individual and preferably done by a multidisciplinary management team.

Esthetic crowns for primary teeth: a review.

A variety of esthetic restorative materials are available for restoring primary incisors. Each has distinct advantages and disadvantages and the clinical conditions of placement may be a strong determining factor so as to which material is utilized. Full coronal restoration of primary incisors may be indicated for a number of reasons. Crowns available for restoration of primary incisors include those that are directly bonded to the tooth which generally are made up of a resin material, and those crowns that are luted onto the tooth. This paper reviews the published data on restorations of primary anterior teeth and various forms of full coronal restorations for the same.

Incongruous periapical abscess: a case report.

Abscesses are usually localized and confined to the focus of infection or they can be diffuse, spreading through the tissue spaces. This article highlights a rare case, where the locus of abscess is incongruous to the origin of infection, but the abscess resolved on eliminating the source of infection. Prompt diagnosis, timely administration of antibiotics and initiation of pulp therapy led to successful resolution of this infection.

Comparative evaluation of marginal microleakage in amalgam restorations of permanent and primary teeth a stereomicroscopic study.

Microleakage and lack of adhesion to the tooth structure are shortcomings that have limited dental amalgam’s use in certain clinical conditions. Studies have shown that the use of adhesive resins as liners under amalgam will create greater retention than mechanical undercuts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the sealing ability of a dentin bonding agent when used as a liner around dental amalgam restorations of both the permanent and the primary teeth.

Isolation of Thiobacillus sp from aerobic sludge of distillery and dairy effluent treatment plants and its sulfide oxidation activity at different concentrations.

In the present study two strains of Thiobacillus sp were isolated from aerobic sludge of distillery and dairy effluent treatment plant using standard methods of isolation and enrichment. Experiments were conducted using isolated cultures in batch bioreactor with initial sulfide concentration of 75 and 150 mg/l. The effect of initial sulfide concentration on the activity of isolated Thiobacillus sp was studied. Sulfide oxidizing capacity was also determined at different initial sulfide concentrations. The results from the study indicate the possible isolation of Thiobacillus cultures from native source and application in the full-scale reactor

Emergency transcatheter balloon recanalization of acutely thrombosed modified Blalock-Taussig shunts.

BACKGROUND: Modified Blalock-Taussig shunts are used to palliate a variety of cyanotic heart diseases associated with reduced pulmonary blood flow. Acute shunt thrombosis in patients with shunt-dependent pulmonary blood flow can result in life-threatening hypoxia. We describe our experience of emergency transcatheter recanalization in 5 severely hypoxic children with acute shunt occlusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five patients with ages ranging between 5 and 24 months (median 11 months) and weight ranging from 4 to 8 kg (median 5 kg) presented with severe hypoxia, acidosis and hypotension following acute occlusion of modified Blalock-Taussig shunts placed 11 days to 12 months ago. As severe hypoxia (saturation range 3 5%-5 0%), acidosis and a state of shock in all the patients increased the risk for a redo surgical procedure, they were taken up for emergency transcatheter recanalization within 2-6 hours of hospitalization. This was done by positioning a Judkin's right coronary catheter at the mouth of the thrombosed shunt, crossing the shunt with a guidewire and serial dilatations with coronary and/or peripheral angioplasty balloons to the size of the graft. This technique was immediately successful in 4 of the 5 patients, thereby avoiding a repeat palliative operation. In 2 patients with residual stenosis, stents were used to restore luminal patency. One patient with acute stent thrombosis was managed successfully with local delivery of thrombolysis for 36 hours, which resulted in good luminal patency. At follow-up after 6 and 12 months, the shunts in both the stented patients are patent, with an oxygen saturation of 78% and 80%, respectively. In 2 other patients who had undergone plain balloon angioplasty, the shunts remained patent for 11 days (died of bronchopneumonia and septicemia) and 3 months, respectively. The procedure was unsuccessful in one very sick patient in whom the shunt had a tortuous course. CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter recanalization of an acutely thrombosed Blalock-Taussig shunt is feasible. It can offer satisfactory short-term palliation in selected patients. Stents may play a role in patients with residual narrowing after dilatation. The procedure can be expeditiously accomplished in an emergency situation in a severely hypoxic child and may be a realistic alternative to surgery or thrombolysis.

Acute reversible left ventricular dysfunction following general anesthesia.

Acute reversible left ventricular dysfunction due to myocardial stunning is a known phenomenon during acute myocardial infarction, coronary angiography, coronary angioplasty or after coronary artery bypass surgery. We report a rare case of acute reversible dysfunction of the myocardium as a complication of general anesthesia in a patient with normal coronary arteries. This is a potentially fatal complication unless recognized early and treated aggressively.