Mixed-ligand complexes of palladium [II] involving tricine, girard's T and amino acids

Complex formation equilibria of [Pd[GT][H[2]O[2]][2+] and [Pd[Tn] [H[2]O[2]][+] [GT = girard's T reagent, Tn = tricine] with amino acids have been investigated. Stoichiometries and stability constants of the complexes were determined at 25 [degree sign] C and 0.1 M NaNO[3] ionic strength. The participation of different ligand functional groups in the complex formation was examined. The concentration distribution of the complexes in solution was evaluated as a function of pH

Prenatal development of the mandible of albino rat

Thirty albino rat embryos aged from 12 to 21 days were used in this study. The embryos were prepared and serial paraffin sections [3 micro m to 5 micro m] were made and stained by, haematoxylin and eosin. Mallory trichrome, alcian blue and periodic acid Schiff's reaction and examined by the light microscope. The mesenchymal condensations of mandible and Meckel's cartilage appeared at 13 days lateral to mouth cavity and below the tongue. The single intramembranous ossification center of the mandible appeared initially at 16 days lateral to Meckel's cartilage. This center became more oriented at 17 days and gradually differentiated into spongoid immature bone with primitive bone narrow spaces between the spicules until the age of 21 days. The Meckel's cartilage extended anteriorly to form its rostral process at 16 days and posteriorly to form the malleus of middle ear at 17 days. The meckel's cartilage had not any role in the development of the rat's mandible. The condylar cartilage was differentiated at 17 days insemination age. The tooth bud of the lower incisor appeared at 16 days, while that of the lower 1st molar appeared at 14 days and that of the lower 2nd molar at 17 days. The net conclusion indicates, the development of the rat's mandible at birth was not yet complete, but was formed of spongoid immature bone with primitive bone marrow spaces. The bone of the mandible grew by apposition and had no compact bone or 3rd molar tooth germ. The Meckel's cartilage was not yet erosed completely at birth time