RESUMEN
The study aimed at an investigation of the impact of parenting styles on self-esteem of individuals suffering from stammering. Using purposive sampling 50 male patients suffering from stammering were taken from Speech Department of National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine [NIRM], Islamabad. The age range of the participants was 20 to 25 years. All the patients were from middle socioeconomic background. Parental Authority Questionnaire [Babree, 1997] and Self Esteem Scale [Rifai, 1999] was used in the study. The results indicated a positive correlation between authoritative parenting style and self-esteem among stammering individuals. The results also indicated a negative correlation between authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and self-esteem among stammering individuals. The results support our hypotheses
RESUMEN
The current study was conducted to find out the relationship between self-esteem and depression among patients of spinal cord injury [SCI] during rehabilitation, after one and half year of earthquake October, 2005 in Pakistan. A total number of 67 spinal injured [paraplegic] patients 27 men and 40 women with age range between 15 to 26 year from rehabilitation centers and hospital of Islamabad and Rawalpindi were taken as sample by using purposive sampling technique. The participants were administered Beck Depression Inventory-II [1996] and Sifai Self-esteem Scale [1999] to measure their level of depression and self esteem. Pearson's Product Moment Correlation and t-test were used for the statistical significance of the data. IT was found that there was a significant relationship [r=-0.68, p<.01] between self esteem and depression. This also indicates that there is a high negative correlation between the self esteem and depression. Moreover a significant difference was found between men and women on depression and self-esteem scores, which indicated that men have higher level of self-esteem and low depression than women. Keeping in view the above findings it is suggested that if psychologists use proper strategies and psychotherapeutic interventions to enhance the self-esteem of these patients that will help to improve their depressive symptoms