Analysis of mortality rate of stomach cancer and its trend in twenty years in China / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze and predict the trend in mortality rate of stomach cancer in twenty years in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stomach cancer mortality data collected from the China national survey over the period 1970s - 1990s for the cause of death were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer in 1990s increased by 11.0% and 6.3% for males and females, respectively. The urban mortality in 1970s was slightly higher than the rural mortality, while in 1990s the rural mortality rate was about 60% higher than the urban mortality. In 1990s, the adjusted urban mortality rate decreased by 22.2% and 26.7% for males and females, respectively. In contrast, the rural mortality rate increased by 26.4% and 22.1% for males and females, respectively. The sex ratio of stomach cancer deaths in 1990s, both in cities and rural areas, was slightly greater than that in 1970s, being more marked in the latter areas. In 1990s, the mortality rate decreased in 12 provinces, accounting for 44% in both sexes (12/27), but the decrease was more marked for females than for males except in Kiangs province. In provinces where the increased rates ranked top six positions, the magnitude of increase in rates was higher in males than in females.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The overall mortality rates of stomach cancer in the past 20 years in China presented an increasing trend, despite there were upward and downward changes in 27 provinces and decrease in cities while increase in rural areas. Compared with other countries, the world-adjusted mortality rate of stomach cancer for both sexes in China ranks first. The increasing trend in stomach cancer mortality was seen in the older age groups (> 60 years) while a decreasing trend was seen in the younger age groups (30 - 59 years). Aging of the population could be an important factor responsible for the increase in mortality rates of stomach cancer in China.</p>

Changes of mortality rate for cervical cancer during 1970's and 1990's periods in China / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the distribution changes of the mortality rate for cervical cancer in China between the 1970's and 1990's and provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control strategies for cervical cancer campaign in China between next century.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Data from two National Surveys for the Causes of Death in 1970's and 1990's in China. The crude and adjusted mortality rates for the cervical cancer and the distributions based on age and area were calculated and described. The comparison of the differences of changes between two mortality rates periods and together with its trends were shown based on the age-standardized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>During two decades, the mortality rate for cervical cancer was 10.7 per 100,000 in 1970's which declined to 3.89 per 100,000 in 1990's, and from the 3rd ranking among all female malignant tumors to the 6th in 1990's (decreased about 63.64%). But the declination was not evenly. There have still been some high-risk areas, most located in rural countries in the mid-west of China, with rates remain unchanged and even at the highest level in the world, such as Wudu in Gansu and Yangcheng in Shanxi. A big difference was showed between rural country and city, but in both of them, the mortality rates in 1990's were significantly much lower than in 1970's (P = 0.001) at each five-year age group. And in the city, there was a much sharper increased trend in young women in 1990's.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The mortality rate for cervical cancer campaign in China has been substantially declined during past twenty years, but it's still a major health problem for women, especially in rural China. The focus of the prevention and control for the cervical cancer in the next century should put on rural areas, especially in mid-west of China and young women in the city.</p>

1990-1992 mortality of stomach cancer in China / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To assess the impact of stomach cancer on the Chinese population by epidemiological analysis of its mortality distribution.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>1990-1992 data on stomach cancer mortality collected by sampling survey involved one tenth of the total Chinese population.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The crude mortality rate of stomach cancer in China was 25.2 per 10(5) (32.8 per 10(5) for males and 17.0 per 10(5) for females), which comprised 23.2% of the total cancer deaths from 1990 to 1992, making stomach cancer the leading cause of cancer death. The stomach cancer mortality rate of males was 1.9 times of that of females. The Chinese mortality rates of stomach cancer adjusted by the world population were 40.8 per 10(5) and 18.6 per 10(5) of males and females, which were 4.2-7.9 (of males) and 3.8-8.0 (of females) times of those in the developed countries. Age-adjusted mortality rates of stomach cancer in China have distinct geographical difference: form the lowest 2.5 per 10(5) to the highest 153.0 per 10(5) in the 263 surveyed localities, 15.3 per 10(5) in urban areas and 24.4 per 10(5) in rural areas giving a difference of 1.9 times.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prevention and treatment of stomach cancer in China, especially in the countryside and the under-developed areas in the northwest, should be a long-term focus in control of cancers of the digestive system. Urgent measures for prevention and early detection of stomach cancer should be taken.</p>