Patch-test results in children and adolescents: systematic review of a 15-year period

Abstract The number of studies on patch-test results in children and adolescents has gradually increased in recent years, thus stimulating reviews. This paper is a systematic review of a 15-year period devoted to studying the issue. Variations pertaining to the number and age groups of tested children and/or adolescents, the number of subjects with atopy/atopic dermatitis history, the quantity, type and concentrations of the tested substances, the test technique and type of data regarding clinical relevance, must all be considered in evaluating these studies, as they make it harder to formulate conclusions. The most common allergens in children were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, fragrance, lanolin and neomycin. In adolescents, they were nickel, thimerosal, cobalt, fragrance, potassium dichromate, and Myroxylon pereirae. Knowledge of this matter aids health professionals in planning preventive programs aimed at improving children's quality of life and ensuring that their future prospects are not undermined.

Patch test results in children and adolescents. Study from the Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Dermatology Clinic, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patch testing is an efficient method to identify the allergen responsible for allergic contact dermatitis.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the results of patch tests in children and adolescents comparing these two age groups' results.METHODS:Cross-sectional study to assess patch test results of 125 children and adolescents aged 1-19 years, with suspected allergic contact dermatitis, in a dermatology clinic in Brazil. Two Brazilian standardized series were used.RESULTS:Seventy four (59.2%) patients had "at least one positive reaction" to the patch test. Among these positive tests, 77.0% were deemed relevant. The most frequent allergens were nickel (36.8%), thimerosal (18.4%), tosylamide formaldehyde resin (6.8%), neomycin (6.4%), cobalt (4.0%) and fragrance mix I (4.0%). The most frequent positive tests came from adolescents (p=0.0014) and females (p=0.0002). There was no relevant statistical difference concerning contact sensitizations among patients with or without atopic history. However, there were significant differences regarding sensitization to nickel (p=0.029) and thimerosal (p=0.042) between the two age groups under study, while adolescents were the most affected.CONCLUSION:Nickel and fragrances were the only positive (and relevant) allergens in children. Nickel and tosylamide formaldehyde resin were the most frequent and relevant allergens among adolescents.

Results of Patch-Tests from Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte Dermatology Clinic, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010 / Resultados de Testes de Contato da Clínica Dermatológica da Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, Brasil, de 2003 a 2010

This Dermatology Clinic tests referred patients who have suspected allergic contact dermatitis. The patch-test results (1406 patients) from July 1st, 2003 to June 30th, 2010 will be reported and compared to the data from the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Study Group (GBEDC). A standardized patch test (30 allergens) was used in all of these patients. Depending on the complaint and suspected allergen another battery was also used (cosmetic battery).The most frequent allergens of Brazilian Standard Patch Test Series and Cosmetic Brazilian Standard Patch Test Series were nickel and tosylamide formaldehyde resin, respectively. Allergic contact dermatitis was the final diagnosis in 58.2%. Studies about allergen frequency may enable the performance of prevention programmes.

Esta Clínica Dermatológica realiza testes de contato em pacientes encaminhados com suspeita de dermatite alérgica de contato. Os resultados de testes de contato (1406 pacientes), realizados no período de 1/07/2003 a 30/06/2010, serão descritos e comparados aos dados do Grupo Brasileiro de Estudo em Dermatite de Contato. Uma bateria de teste de contato padronizada (30 alérgenos) foi usada em todos esses pacientes. Dependendo da queixa e do alérgeno suspeito, outra bateria(cosméticos) foi testada. Os alérgenos mais frequentes das Baterias Padrão e Cosméticos foram níquel e resina-tonsilamida formaldeído, respectivamente. Dermatite alérgica de contato foi o diagnóstico final em 58.2%. Estudos sobre frequência de alérgenos podem viabilizar programas preventivos.