Prevalência de subluxações cervicais e torácicas com relação ao membro dominante superior em atletas amadores de voleibol / Prevalence of cervical and thoracic subluxations in relation to the dominant upper limb in amateur volleyball players

O voleibol exige um ótimo condicionamento físico, força, velocidade, agilidade e flexibilidade de seus participantes. Nele, a repetição de determinados tipos de movimentos e a sobrecarga de treinamento exigida produz um processo de adaptação orgânica do corpo que resulta, muitas vezes, em desequilíbrio muscular. Somado a isso, os gestos específicos e os erros na técnica de execução dos movimentos podem aumentar a prevalência de alterações posturais influenciando o aumento de possibilidades de lesões (JUNIOR, 2004). As alterações posturais, por sua vez, podem ocasionar distúrbios que afetam a coluna vertebral. Objetivo: o propósito do estudo foi detectar as principais subluxações - vertebrais cervicais e torácicas - por meio da análise das rotações do processo espinhoso de cada vértebra e lateralidade do atlas com o membro dominante superior, relacionando com as categorias e com a posição em quadra de atletas de Voleibol. Método: para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa descritiva com 145 atletas de categorias de base e adulta que treinam mais de dois dias por semana. Os atletas foram submetidos a uma avaliação quiroprática. Resultados e Discussão: verificou-se que as subluxações mais prevalentes foram das vértebras C1, C7, T4, T8 e T12. Observou-se que a musculatura e a articulação do ombro estão diretamente interligadas com as subluxações encontradas. Atletas ambidestros apresentaram menor percentagem de subluxações e maior equilíbrio rotacional dos processos espinhosos e da lateralidade do atlas. Os demais atletas apresentaram a lateralidade do atlas e as rotações do processo espinhoso das regiões cervical e torácica para o lado direito...

Volleyball requires a great physical fitness, strength, speed, agility and flexibility of its players. In it, the repetition of certain types of movements and the overload of training required may produces an organic process of adaptation of the body that often results in muscle imbalance. Added to this, the specific gestures and errors in technique of the movements may increase the prevalence of postural changes influencing the increased possibilities of injuries. Postural changes, inturn, can lead to disorders affecting the spine. Objective: the purpose of the study was to identify the main subluxations - cervical and thoracic - through the analysis of rotations of the spinous process of each vertebra and laterality of the atlas with the dominant upper limb, in what respect the categories and the position in court of volleyball athletes. Method: it was carried out a descriptive study of 145 athletes from youth teams and adult training more than two days per week. The athletes underwent a chiropractic evaluation. Results and Discussion: it was found that the most prevalent vertebral subluxation are C1, C7, T4, T8 and T12. It was noted that the muscles and the shoulder joint are directly interconnected with the subluxations found. Ambidextrous athletes showed lower percentage of subluxations and higher rotational equilibrium of the spinous processes and the laterality of the atlas. The other athletes showed the laterality of the atlas and the rotations of the spinous process of the cervical and thoracic regions to the right side...

Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Fauna of phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) in areas with endemic American cutaneous leishmaniasis in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological aspects of the main vectors of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in four monitoring stations situated in the municipalities of Naviraí, Nova Andradina, Novo Horizonte do Sul and Rio Verde de Mato Grosso. For each monitoring station, the captures of sand flies were undertaken each month from July 2008 to June 2010 using CDC and Shannon traps. The CDC traps were installed simultaneously for three consecutive nights in three collection sites: intradomicile, peridomicile and edge of the forest. A Shannon trap was installed from dusk to 10 pm, inside the forest, one night per month. A total of 7,651 sand flies belonging to nine genera and twenty-nine species were captured. Nyssomyia neivai (52.95%), Psathyromyia hermanlenti (10.91%), Psathyromyia runoides (9.16%), Nyssomyia whitmani (7.95%), Psathyromyia aragaoi (4. 89%), Nyssomyia antunesi (3.14%) and Evandromyia bourrouli (2.20%) were the most frequent species. Approximately 65% of the sand flies were collected in the forest environment. The municipalities presented significantly different indexes of species diversity. Naviraí presented the lowest species diversity index, however, it showed the highest abundance. Novo Horizonte do Sul had the highest species diversity index, but the lowest abundance (< 5%). It is noteworthy the occurrence of vector species of Leishmania in the areas studied, especially in Naviraí, where Ny. neivai presented high frequencies which may explain the increased number of ACL cases in this municipality.