RESUMEN
Para identificar QTLs para produtividade de grãos e peso de 100 sementes em feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), foram usados microssatélites influenciados pela seleção natural, identificados na população derivada do cruzamento 'Carioca MG' x 'ESAL 686', conduzida pelo método da população até a geração F24. Foram avaliadas 107 linhagens da geração F8 e 107 da F24 em três épocas distintas: inverno de 2001 (F8:9 e F24:25) em Ijaci; águas de 2001 (F8:10 e F24:26) e secas de 2002 (F8:11 e F24:27) ambos em Lavras. Utilizou-se o delineamento látice simples 18 x 18 em Ijaci, e triplo nas duas outras épocas. Entre os 105 pares de primers utilizados, 30 foram polimórficos nos genitores e no bulk de DNA das linhagens F24 e utilizados, juntamente com as avaliações experimentais, na análise de regressão linear múltipla - Stepwise. Foram identificados sete QTLs para a produtividade de grãos em F8 e seis QTLs em F24, sendo o marcador derivado do 'ESAL686' (BM156) o que exibiu maior efeito para aumentar a produtividade. Para peso de 100 sementes foram identificados cinco marcadores em F8 e dois em F24, todos provenientes do genitor 'ESAL686' e o que contribuiu com o maior peso foi o X61293. A maioria dos QTLs se expressou em um só ambiente.
Aiming to identify QTLs for grain yield and for 100 seed weight of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), microsatellite markers (SSR) affected by natural selection were selected in a population derived from the cross 'Carioca MG' x 'ESAL 686', advanced by the bulk breeding until F24. One hundred and seven F8 lines, and 107 F24, were evaluated in three environments: Winter of 2001 (F8:9 and F24:25) at Ijaci county; spring/summer of 2001 (F8:10 and F24:26) and summer/fall of 2002 (F8:11 and F24:27), both at Lavras county. Simple lattice 18 x 18 experimental design was used at Ijaci, and triple lattice in the others environments. Thirty polymorphic pair of primers were selected among 105, through the parents and a bulk of the F24 lines. The molecular and the experimental data were used in the multiple linear regression analysis (stepwise). Seven QTLs for grain yield were identified in F8 and six in F24, and the BM156 marker (derived from 'ESAL 686') showed the major effect. For 100 seed weight five QTLs were identified in F8 and two in F24, all of them derived from 'ESAL 686', and the major effect was exhibited by X61293 marker. Most of the QTLs expressed in only one environment.
RESUMEN
The effect of natural selection on microsatellite simple sequence repeat (SSR) alleles was investigated in two distinct common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) generations (F8 and F24) derived from the cross between the P. vulgaris cultivars Carioca MG x ESAL 686. The F2 segregant population was propagated by the bulk method and 107 plants were sampled in two generations (F8 and F24). Each plant generated one family which was replicated by the bulk method to F8:11 and F24:27 families from which DNA was extracted. Thirty pairs of microsatellite primers were polymorphic for the parents and the bulk of the F24:27 families. Out of 30 loci selected by natural selection, 29 microsatellite alleles came from the Carioca MG parent and one allele came from the ESAL 686 parent. Natural selection affected all the generations and its intensity was specific for each locus and generation. Therefore all the alleles selected at each locus must be important for adaptation in a breeding program.