RESUMEN
To diagnose Specific Learning Disability (SLD) in India, only ‘NIMHANS Specific Learning Disability Battery (NSB)’ is accepted for assessment and certification of disability. Earlier editions of the NSB used ‘functioning at three standards below the current class of the child’ to arrive at a diagnosis of SLD, and was simple to administer and interpret. Given these, majority of psychologists used it in their routine assessments, and in most of the cases, it was relatively easy to diagnose SLD with this battery. A major limitation faced when using the NSB was that it had test items only till the 7th grade. In the updated NSB, there are test items till the 10th grade, which is definitely a big upgrade. However, as the battery is relatively concise and does not clearly describe the nuances of assessment and interpretation in marginal and complex scenarios, some young psychologists and research scholars might find it difficult to diagnose SLD. Some of these scenarios are, when the child shows problems in academics but does not exactly fulfil the NSB criteria; when the child is having problems with second language instead of the first language; when the child is from an international curriculum; when the child is studying in a class higher than grade 10; when comprehension appears to be impaired; and/or the issue of whether or not to have so many subtypes of SLD. This article highlights some of these issues, discusses and attempts to provide possible solutions with respect to assessment and interpretation.
RESUMEN
Among the number of vital bleaching techniques currently available to the clinicians, home bleaching and in-office bleaching are widely used in dental practice. Aim and Objectives: The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the clinical performance, durability, and related tooth sensitivity with two vital bleaching procedures (in-office and at-home bleaching), in a split-mouth design. Patients and Methods: Thirty adult participants having teeth shade mean of A2 or darker were selected for the study. One-half of the maxillary arch of each patient received in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide gel, and the other half received 16% carbamide peroxide night guard bleaching. Shade evaluation was done with shade guide and spectrophotometer at 1, 2, 3, and 4 week intervals during bleaching and postoperatively at 3 and 6 month intervals. Tooth sensitivity was recorded using the visual analog scale during the experimental period. Statistical Analysis: Collected data of color and sensitivity readings were subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS/PC version 20 software. Intergroup comparison through unpaired t-test and within the groups using paired t-test was done. Results: At-home and in-office bleaching procedures are equally effective in producing tooth whitening. Color evaluation after 3 and 6 months showed more color decline for in-office bleaching procedure. For sensitivity parameter also, in-office procedure recorded higher sensitivity compared to home bleaching (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Both the bleaching procedures are equally effective in producing tooth whitening. In-office bleaching recorded higher levels of tooth sensitivity and greater color rebound than home bleaching.