Analysis of related factors of new-onset conduction disturbance after transcatheter aortic valve replacement with self-expanding valve / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the baseline clinical characteristics,ascending aortic root anatomical characteristics,and related factors of the surgical strategy of patients with new-onset conduction disturbance(NOCD)after transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)with self-expanding valve(SEV)implantation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 245 patients who underwent TAVR at the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital Xiamen University between December 2014 and November 2022.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,167 patients with SEV implantation during surgery were continuously included.They were divided into tricuspid aortic valve group(TAV group,113 cases)and bicuspid aortic valve group(BAV group,54 cases)according to aortic valve morphology.The TAV group was divided into NOCD group(43 cases)and non NOCD group(70 cases)according to postoperative electrocardiogram characteristics.The BAV group was divided into NOCD group(16 cases)and non NOCD group(38 cases).Collect clinical data such as preoperative electrocardiogram and ascending aortic root CT angiography from patients.Results The right-non valvular calcification quantification(P=0.005)in the non-NOCD group was significantly greater than that in the NOCD group,but the aortic angle(P=0.002)was smaller in TAV patients.Multivariate analysis suggested that the risk of NOCD after TAVR is reduced by 2.6％for every 10 mm3 increase in right-non valvular calcification in patients(OR 0.974,P=0.039),the risk of postoperative NOCD nearly 7.3％for every degree increase in aortic angulation(OR 1.073,P=0.003).In BAV patients the increase of the risk of NOCD after TAVR is nearly 3.3％for every l ms increase in preoperative PR interval(OR 1.033,P=0.041),the risk of NOCD is reduced by 6.6％for every 10 mm3 increase in calcification quantification in the right coronary valve area(OR 0.934,P=0.013).Conclusions In TAV patient,right-non valvular calcification may have a protective effect on the cardiac conduction system,but a larger aortic angle increases the risk of NOCD.In BAV patients,a longer preoperative PR interval is a risk factor for NOCD,and the right coronary valve area may protect the cardiac conduction system.

Detection and analysis of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors at different periods in Guangzhou / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To detect the anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood donors in Guangzhou, so as to provide laboratory data support for the collection and clinical use of convalescent plasma. 【Methods】 Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were measured by ELISA in qualified donors. Among them, 326 donors who gave blood in February 2023 were tested for IgG antibodies, 444 donors were tested for neutralizing antibodies. In July 2023, 398 donors were tested for IgG and IgM. 【Results】 399 of 724 blood samples diluted with normal saline (1∶160) were IgG reactive, with a reactive rate of 55.11%. Chi-square test showed that there was a significant difference in the reactive rate of IgG among samples collected at different times (25.46% in February vs 79.40% in July, χ2=210.74, P<0.01, 95%CI: 7.97, 15.98), but there was no significant difference in the reactive rate between different genders and different age groups. IgM was detected in 5 of 398 blood samples, with a reactive rate of 1.26%. The IgG test results of these five blood donors were all reactive, whereas the nucleic acid test results were negative. Neutralizing antibody was detected in 440 of 444 blood samples, with a reactive rate of 99.10%, and 71.59% of the reactive donors had a neutralizing antibody level of 10 μg/mL or more. 【Conclusion】 Blood donors in Guangzhou have a high level of SARS-CoV-2 antibody, which is sufficient to provide convalescent plasma for clinical treatment.

Viral selection pressure and CD4+T cell epitope in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 of HCV infected patients / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 HLA-DRB1 * 11:01, as a class HLA-Ⅱ gene, was reported to be associated with spontaneous clearance of HCV in Han and Li population. Our study was to investigate the effects of viral selection pressure and CD4+T cell epitope on the natural outcome of HCV infection in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive infected patients. 【Methods】 The positive selection sites and population growth of E1E2 and NS3 genes of common HCV 6a in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive and negative groups in Guangdong were respectively analyzed. The peptide library covering the conserved regions of common HCV genotypes was used to stimulate HCV spontaneous clearance group and chronic infection group using ELISPOT method. Reactive peptides were obtained according to the number of spot-forming cells per well and the frequency of occurrence in different groups. 【Results】 The positive selection sites (PSSs) of E1E2 and NS3 of common HCV 6a in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group were greater than those in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive group. Furthermore, the number of PPSs in CD4+T cell peptide in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group were also greater than those in HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive group; Both groups of HCV 6a had a population growth in Guangdong, and the expansion trend of HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative group was significantly higher than that of HLA-DRB1 * 11 :01 positive group. Compared to HCV chronic infection group, the response rate of HCV spontaneous clearance group to five peptides (C-52 E2691-707, C-119 NS31545-1560, C-134 NS4A1669-1684, C-154 NS4B1912-1927, C-159 NS4B1929-1944) was higher. However, the HCV chronic infection group showed a higher response rate to two of the peptides(C-111 NS31497-1512, C-130 NS31650-1665). When HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 typing was considered, there was no significant difference in HCV-specific immune response generated by PBMCs between HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 positive and HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 negative groups. 【Conclusion】 This study revealed the relationship between viral selection pressure of HLA-DRB1 * 11:01 HCV infected persons and CD4+T cell antigen epitopes. At the same time, CD4+ T cell antigen epitopes of HCV pan-genotype were obtained, providing basic data for the development of T cell vaccine suitable for HCV pan-genotype.

Accuracy of Mean Value of Central Venous Pressure from Monitor Digital Display: Influence of Amplitude of Central Venous Pressure during Respiration / 中国医学科学杂志(英文版)

Background A simple measurement of central venous pressure (CVP)-mean by the digital monitor display has become increasingly popular. However, the agreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end (a standard method of CVP measurement by analyzing the waveform at end-expiration) is not well determined. This study was designed to identify the relationship between CVP-mean and CVP-end in critically ill patients and to introduce a new parameter of CVP amplitude (ΔCVP= CVPmax - CVPmin) during the respiratory period to identify the agreement/disagreement between CVP-mean and CVP-end.Methods In total, 291 patients were included in the study. CVP-mean and CVP-end were obtained simultaneously from each patient. CVP measurement difference (|CVP-mean - CVP-end|) was defined as the difference between CVP-mean and CVP-end. The ΔCVP was calculated as the difference between the peak (CVPmax) and the nadir value (CVPmin) during the respiratory cycle, which was automatically recorded on the monitor screen. Subjects with |CVP-mean - CVP-end|≥ 2 mmHg were divided into the inconsistent group, while subjects with |CVP-mean - CVP-end| < 2 mmHg were divided into the consistent group.Results ΔCVP was significantly higher in the inconsistent group [7.17(2.77) vs.5.24(2.18), P<0.001] than that in the consistent group. There was a significantly positive relationship between ΔCVP and |CVP-mean - CVP-end| (r=0.283, P <0.0001). Bland-Altman plot showed the bias was -0.61 mmHg with a wide 95% limit of agreement (-3.34, 2.10) of CVP-end and CVP-mean. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of ΔCVP for predicting |CVP-mean - CVP-end| ≥ 2 mmHg was 0.709. With a high diagnostic specificity, using ΔCVP<3 to detect |CVP-mean - CVP-end| lower than 2mmHg (consistent measurement) resulted in a sensitivity of 22.37% and a specificity of 93.06%. Using ΔCVP>8 to detect |CVP-mean - CVP-end| >8 mmHg (inconsistent measurement) resulted in a sensitivity of 31.94% and a specificity of 91.32%.Conclusions CVP-end and CVP-mean have statistical discrepancies in specific clinical scenarios. ΔCVP during the respiratory period is related to the variation of the two CVP methods. A high ΔCVP indicates a poor agreement between these two methods, whereas a low ΔCVP indicates a good agreement between these two methods.

Efficacy and Safety of Huashi Baidu Granules in Treating Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Huashi Baidu Granules (HSBD) in treating patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant.@*METHODS@#A single-center retrospective cohort study was conducted during COVID-19 Omicron epidemic in the Mobile Cabin Hospital of Shanghai New International Expo Center from April 1st to May 23rd, 2022. All COVID-19 patients with asymptomatic or mild infection were assigned to the treatment group (HSBD users) and the control group (non-HSBD users). After propensity score matching in a 1:1 ratio, 496 HSBD users of treatment group were matched by propensity score to 496 non-HSBD users. Patients in the treatment group were administrated HSBD (5 g/bag) orally for 1 bag twice a day for 7 consecutive days. Patients in the control group received standard care and routine treatment. The primary outcomes were the negative conversion time of nucleic acid and negative conversion rate at day 7. Secondary outcomes included the hospitalized days, the time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion, and new-onset symptoms in asymptomatic patients. Adverse events (AEs) that occurred during the study were recorded. Further subgroup analysis was conducted in vaccinated (378 HSBD users and 390 non-HSBD users) and unvaccinated patients (118 HSBD users and 106 non-HSBD users).@*RESULTS@#The median negative conversion time of nucleic acid in the treatment group was significantly shortened than the control group [3 days (IQR: 2-5 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days); P<0.01]. The negative conversion rate of nucleic acid in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group at day 7 (91.73% vs. 86.90%, P=0.014). Compared with the control group, the hospitalized days in the treatment group were significantly reduced [10 days (IQR: 8-11 days) vs. 11 days (IQR: 10.25-12 days); P<0.01]. The time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion had significant differences between the treatment and control groups [3 days (IQR: 2-4 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days); P<0.01]. The incidence of new-onset symptoms including cough, pharyngalgia, expectoration and fever in the treatment group were lower than the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the vaccinated patients, the median negative conversion time and hospitalized days were significantly shorter than the control group after HSDB treatment [3 days (IQR: 2-5 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-6 days), P<0.01; 10 days (IQR: 8-11 days) vs. 11 days (IQR: 10-12 days), P<0.01]. In the unvaccinated patients, HSBD treatment efficiently shorten the median negative conversion time and hospitalized days [4 days (IQR: 2-6 days) vs. 5 days (IQR: 4-7 days), P<0.01; 10.5 days (IQR: 8.75-11 days) vs. 11.0 days (IQR: 10.75-13 days); P<0.01]. No serious AEs were reported during the study.@*CONCLUSION@#HSBD treatment significantly shortened the negative conversion time of nuclear acid, the length of hospitalization, and the time of the first nucleic acid negative conversion in patients infected with SARS-COV-2 Omicron variant (Trial registry No. ChiCTR2200060472).

Reyanning Mixture on Asymptomatic or Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Controlled Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To assess the effect and safety of Reyanning Mixture (RYN) in treating asymptomatic or mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in children and adolescents.@*METHODS@#This is a prospective, open-label, randomized controlled trial. Patients aged 1-17 years and diagnosed with asymptomatic or mild coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) were assigned to an intervention group (RYN plus standard care) and a control group (standard care) according to a randomization list. The primary outcomes were SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion time. Secondary outcomes included negative conversion rate on days 3 and 7, hospital length of stay, symptom relief rate, new-onset symptoms of asymptomatic infected patients, and progressive disease rate. The cycle threshold (Ct) values of ORF1ab or N genes were also tested.@*RESULTS@#A total of 214 patients in the intervention group and 217 in the control group were analyzed. The SARS-CoV-2 negative conversion time was significantly shortened in the intervention group [5 days (interquartile range (IQR): 5-6) vs. 7 days (IQR: 6-7), P<0.01]. By days 3 and 7, the negative conversion rates were significantly higher in the intervention group (day 3: 32.7% vs. 21.2%, P=0.007; day 7: 75.2% vs. 60.8%, P=0.001). Ct values significantly increase on day 2 [ORF1ab gene: 35.62 (IQR: 29.17-45.00) vs. 34.22 (IQR: 28.41-39.41), P=0.03; N gene: 34.97 (IQR: 28.50-45.00) vs. 33.51 (IQR: 27.70-38.25), P=0.024] and day 3 [ORF1ab gene: 38.00 (IQR: 32.72-45.00) vs. 35.81 (IQR: 29.96-45.00), P=0.003; N gene: 37.16 (IQR: 32.01-45.00) vs. 35.26 (IQR: 29.09-45.00), P=0.01]. No significant difference was found in hospital length of stay between the two groups (P>0.05). Symptoms of cough were significantly improved (82.2% vs. 70.0%, P=0.02) and wheezing was significantly reduced (0.7% vs. 12.9%, P<0.01) in the intervention group compared with the control group. During the trial, no disease progression or serious adverse events were reported.@*CONCLUSION@#Adding RYN to standard care may be a safe and effective treatment for children with asymptomatic and mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. (Registration No. ChiCTR2200060292).

Preliminary identification of CD4 T cell epitopes in genotype 1 and 6 of hepatitis C virus / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To study the CD4 T cell epitopes in Core and NS3 protein of genotype 1(GT1) and 6(GT6) of hepatitis C virus(HCV). 【Methods】 A total of 298 overlapping peptides(16-mer) spanning Core and NS3 protein of GT1 and GT6 HCV were synthesized. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) from 17 HCV+ and 7 healthy blood donors were stimulated by peptide pools, followed by evaluating T cell response by IFN-γ ELISPOT, by which 21 peptides with positive results were found. These peptides were further applied to individually stimulate 20 HCV+ and 18 healthy PBMCs. The differences of responsive frequencies to the 21 positive peptides between the two study groups were compared. 【Results】 Pooled and individual peptide stimulation tests showed that HCV+ PBMCs were responsive to the stimulation of 5 peptides(GT1 NS31273-1288 and NS31315-1330; GT6 NS31033-1048, NS31087-1102 and NS31351-1366), with a responsive frequency ranging 18.9%-27.0%. In contrast, healthy PBMCs were not or low responsive(0%-4.0%) to these five peptides. The responsive frequencies were statistically different between the two groups(P<0.05). No reported epitopes in IEDB were found identical with these 5 peptides via sequence alignment. 【Conclusion】 Our study identified novel CD4 T cell epitopes in NS3 protein of GT1 and GT6 HCV, which has potential application value for the research and development of HCV vaccine.

HCV evolution and positive selection sites of HCV NS5B region among intravenous drug users in Guangdong / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To learn the situation of the evolution process of HCV virus population and the selection pressure of HCV NS5B in intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Guangdong. 【Methods】 141 blood samples from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive blood donors and 58 from HCV patients in Guangdong were randomly collected for HCV NS5B sequence amplification, combined with HCV NS5B sequences from blood donors and IDUs obtained by sequencing previously(between 2009 and 2011). Homology analysis was performed by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, evolutionary analysis were performed by Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST) software package. Selection pressure analysis was performed on sequences isolated from IDUs by Datamonkey online software package with Mixed Effects Model Evolution (MEME) method, and the population expansion of species were analyzed using Tajima and Fu neutrality test by Arlequin software. 【Results】 The comparison results of internal homology among different subtypes of IDUs in this group were as follows : HCV-3b had the highest homology (97%), followed by HCV-3a (96%), HCV-6a (95%) and HCV-1b (94%); HCV evolution rate analysis showed that HCV-1b had the fastest evolution rate [2.17E-03 substitutions/site/year (y/y/y)], followed by HCV-3b (2.12E-0 y/y/y), HCV-3a (1.58E-03 y/y/y) and HCV-6a (1.28E-03 y/y/y). The analysis on effective population of HCV: 1980~1990 was rapid growth period for HCV-6a, 1990~1995 period for HCV-1b, and 2000~2007 period for HCV-3a. HCV population genetic characteristics was as follows: HCV-1b, 3a, 3b and 6a experienced population expansion, among which 3a and 3b were the most obvious. As to the analysis of HCV selection pressure, two positive selection sites (235 and 243)were found in the 339 nucleotide fragment of the NS5B sequence in injecting drug users, but mutation only occurred at position 316 [mutation rate 1.24% (14/1 130)] among 5 direct antiviral drug (DAA) sites in this gene. 【Conclusion】 The evolution of HCV-3b in Guangdong has showed an obvious trend of population expansion, with a high proportion and homology especially in the local IDUs. HCV-3b should be the focus of HCV prevention and control in this region. Given that the positively selected sites of the HCV NS5B gene region of IDUs in Guangdong are non-DAA binding sites, DAA is expected to demonstrate a good effect on these patients.

CMV-IgG yeild in Guangzhou blood donors and comparison of different test reagents / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the CMV-IgG positive yeild among blood donors in Guangzhou and explore the differences in the efficacy of three test reagents, aimed at improving blood safety and service capacity of blood centers. 【Methods】 A total of 630 blood samples from eligible blood donors from July to October 2020 in our center were randomly selected and screened for CMV-IgG by one ELISA reagent.Among them, 180 samples were tested in parallel using three reagents (two ELISA reagents and one ECLIA reagent), and those tested negative were conducted quantitative CMV-DNA detection.The test results of different reagents were compared and analyzed. 【Results】 Out of the 630 samples, a total of 598 positive samples were screened out, including 180 samples yielded by three reagents, 171 and 175 by the two ELISA reagents, respectively, and 175 by ECLIA.The results given by three reagents were consistent (Kappa>0.4), and no significant difference in the positive yeild by three reagents was found.In the 180 samples, 11 were negative, among which 3, 2 and 6 samples were negative by all three reagents, two reagents and one reagent (ELISA), respectively.All the 11 samples were tested negative for CMV-DNA. 【Conclusion】 The yeild of positive CMV-IgG in blood donors was 94.9% (598/630), suggesting a high prevalence of CMV in Guangzhou. CMV serologically negative blood should be considered when providing blood products to immunocompromised patients to improve the safety of recipients.The detection results of ELISA reagents and ECLIA reagent for CMV- IgG are consistent, but ECLIA reagent has better detection efficacy.

Effects of long-chain noncoding RNA Linc00673 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 / 中国应用生理学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effects of long-chain noncoding RNA Linc00673 overexpression on proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells and its mechanisms. Methods: The recombinant lentivirus expressing plasmid pLVX-Linc00673 and the control empty plasmid pLVX-NC were packaged and amplified in 293T cells, and the recombinant lentivirus was transfected into gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 to establish a cell line stably overexpressing Linc00673. The expression of Linc00673 gene was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR. The growth and proliferation of cells were observed by MTT assay and clone formation assay. Cell cycle and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of cell cycle related regulatory genes were detected by qPCR. The expressions of key molecules in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and tumor proliferation related proteins were detected by Western blot. Results: The expressions of Linc00673 in gastric cancer cell line MGC-803, BGC-823 and AGS were significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa cell line GES-1 (P＜0.05). MGC-803 cell line with stable overexpression of LINC00673 was established, and the expression level of LincC00673 was 200 times higher than that of the control empty carrier group. Overexpression of Linc00673 promoted proliferation of MGC-803 cells (P＜0.05) and clone formation (P＜0.05), inhibited cell apoptosis and affected the G1→S phase progression of cell cycle (P＜0.01). Overexpression of Linc00673 could affect the expressions of cell cycle regulatory gene CCNG2, P19 and CDK1 in MGC-803. Western blot showed that Linc00673 overexpression not only promoted the expressions of the key molecule pAkt in PI3K / Akt signaling pathway and its downstream target NF-κ B and Bcl-2 protein, but also up regulated the expressions of tumor related factors β-catenin and EZH2 proteins. Conclusion: Overexpression of Linc00673 may promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of MGC-803 cells through PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Correlation of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells with hepatitis c virus infection / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the correlation of peripheral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) with hepatitis c virus (HCV) infection. 【Methods】 109 voluntary blood donors who donated blood during February 2018 to September 2020 at Guangzhou Blood Center were recruited in this study. They were assigned to chronic hepatitis c (CHC) group (n=48), spontaneous clearance (SC) group (n=29) and healthy donors (control) group (n=32) according to the results of anti-HCV and HCV RNA tests. Blood samples were drawn from the participants and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were freshly isolated, followed by staining with fluorescently-labeled antibody against cell surface markers of MDSC, which were then applied to the detection of monocytic- (M) and polymorphonuclear (PMN)-MDSC by flow cytometry. Parameters for liver function including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL) were also measured. One-way ANOVA tests were applied to compare the differences of M- and PMN-MDSC and liver function between three study groups. For pairwise comparisons, P values were adjusted for multiple comparisons by Bonferroni correction (Pc). 【Results】 The frequencies of M-MDSC (%) in CHC, SC and HC were 1.39±0.86, 0.85±0.63 and 0.57±0.23, respectively (P0.05). In addition, AST (34.4±19.2 vs 23.0±7.78 U/L) and GGT (40.8±31.4 vs 22.3±7.40 U/L) level were higher in CHC compared with control (Pc<0.05 and Pc<0.01, respectively). 【Conclusion】 The level of peripheral M-MDSC was significantly elevated in chronic HCV infected donors, which would related to the progression of chronicity after HCV infection.

Research on the synthesis of nitazoxanide / 国际药学研究杂志

Objective: To optimize the synthesis process of nitazoxanide. Methods: Acetylsalicylic acid was used as raw material and thionyl chloride as acyl chloride reagent to produce acetylsalicylic chloride. Then the prepared intermediate was reacted with 2-amino-5-nitrothiazole to obtain the target compound. The crude product was initially purified by a mixed solution of ethyl acetate and water, and then decolorized by activated carbon. Results: The structure of target compound was confirmed by MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The total yield was 53.9%. The purity by HPLC was 99.83%, higher than the values of 92.8% to 99.5% in the literature, and the contents of two impurities were 0.09% and 0.08%, respectively. Conclusion: The optimized process is of low cost and simple postprocessing operation, and the quality of the final product meets the requirements of pharmaceutical production. Therefore it is suitable for industrial production.

Research progress of CC10 protein in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma / 解放军医学杂志

Clara cell 10-kD protein (CC10) is one of the most abundant proteins in the respiratory secretions, and plays an important role in immune response, anti-infection and lung injury repair. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma are common chronic lower respiratory tract inflammatory diseases, the pathogenesis of which are intimately related to the abnormal expression of CC10. Therefore, an in-depth research of the biological characteristics of CC10 are helpful for exploring for the important targets for the treatment of chronic respiratory inflammatory diseases in the future. This review summarizes the current research progress in this field.

Full-length sequencing and baseline resistance-associated substitution of hepatitis C virus subtype 3b / 临床肝胆病杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in determining the full-length sequence and baseline resistance-associated substitution (RAS) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) subtype 3b. MethodsNucleic acid was extracted from plasma of a HCV RNA-positive blood donor, and after sequence-independent amplification, a sequencing library was constructed and NGS was performed using Illumina Hiseq. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze full-length HCV sequence, viral genotype, and baseline RAS to direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). ResultsA total of 8.4 Gb data with more than 56 million reads were obtained. The full-length HCV sequence was obtained by bioinformatics analysis, with an average sequencing depth of 488 007 and a genotype of 3b subtype. A total of 12 RASs were identified in HCV amino acid sequence, i.e., Y56H, Q80K, Q80R, and A156G located in NS3, M28G, Q/A30G, Q/A30K, L31F, L31M, and Y93H located in NS5A, and S282T and V321A located in NS5B, among which Q/A30K and L31M located in NS5A had high frequencies of 99.16% and 98.37%, respectively, while the other 10 RASs had low frequencies of ＜0.5%. ConclusionNGS can be used to determine the full-length sequence and genotype of HCV subtype 3b and identify baseline RASs, which has great significance in the epidemiological study of HCV subtype 3b and the development of DAA treatment regimens.

Comparative pharmacokinetics of naringin and neohesperidin after oral administration of flavonoid glycosides from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in normal and gastrointestinal motility disorders mice / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To compare the pharmacokinetics of naringin and neohesperidin after oral administration of Zhishi total flavonoid glycosides (ZSTFG) extracted from Aurantii Fructus Immaturus in normal and gastrointestinal motility disorders (GMD) mice. Methods: ZSTFG was orally given to normal and GMD mice induced by atropine or dopamine. The plasma samples were incubated with β-glucuronidase/sulfatase, the total (free + conjugated) naringenin and hesperitin were extracted with acetonitrile. The validated HPLC-MS/MS method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study. Results: The results showed that, compared with the normal group, AUC0–∞, AUC0–t and Cmax for total naringenin and hesperitin were significantly higher (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), while CLZ/F for total naringenin and hesperitin was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in the GMD group. Tmax, t1/2z, MRT0-t, and MRT0-∞ for naringenin were longer (P < 0.01) in the GMD group than those in the normal group. Conclusion: The results showed that there were significant differences in pharmacokinetic parameters of naringenin and hesperitin between normal and GMD groups. It was suggested that the absorption of naringenin and hesperitin was increased, and the elimination processes of naringenin and hesperitin were slower in the GMD group than the normal group. The data are of value for further pharmacological studies of ZSTFG and would be useful to provide a reference for improving the therapeutic regimen of ZSTFG in clinical trials.

Observation on the distribution of nerve fibers and neural cells morphology in Aspidogaster conchiola / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the distribution of nerve fibers and the types of neural cells in Aspidogaster conchiola. Methods Whole worms were subjected to silver staining, histochemical staining and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and the nervous systems of the worms were observed. Results There were 3 types of neural cells in the worm head near the cerebral ganglion, including unipolar, bipolar and multipolar neurons, which were divided into 7 types according to the morphology. There was a nerve network on the surface of pharynx and intestinal tract, as well as the reproductive organ, including testis, ovary, lower uterus and penis sac. The nerve network was consisted of circular and longitudinal nerve fibers, and the structure of the nerve network around the mouth was similar to central nerve. Conclusions The structure of the A. conchiola central nervous system is very complicated, and the neural networks may be associated with the physiologic activity of the worm. Different neural cells may have diverse functions.

Survival Analysis of 148 Patients with Primary Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the clinical outcome of the patients with primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma（DLBCL）.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 148 patients with DLBCL in our hospital and cancer hospital from March 2006 to April 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate progression-free survival（PFS）and overall survival（OS）.@*RESULTS@#5-year OS and PFS rates were 85% and 69%，respectively. The survival analysis showed that 5-year OS rate of R-CHOP group was significantly higher than that of CHOP alone group（89% vs. 70%，P60 years），poor ECOG score（≥2），advanced stage（Ⅲ-Ⅳ），higher IPI score（≥3），CHOP alone and absence of radiotherapy related with poor survival rate. Furthermore，multivariate analysis showed that age>60 year significantly related with the worse OS.@*CONCLUSION@#Age >60 year is an important independent prognostic factor to predict worse OS or PFS.

Attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces: anger and happiness superiority effects / 生理学报

Emotional information is critical for our social life, in which attentional bias is now a focus in the study on attention. However, the attentional bias processing mechanism of emotional faces still arouses huge controversy. Using similar experimental paradigms and stimuli, the published studies have yielded contradictory results. Some studies suggest that angry faces could automatically stimulate attention, that is, there is an anger superiority effect. On the contrary, lines of growing evidence support the existence of a happiness superiority effect, suggesting that the superiority effect is shown in happy faces rather than angry faces. In the present paper, the behavioral and neuroscience studies of anger and happiness superiority effects are combined. It is found that there are three major reasons for the debate over the two types of effects, which include the choice of stimulus materials, the difference of paradigm setting, and the different stages of emotional processing. By comparatively integrating the previous published results, we highlight that the future studies should further control the experimental materials and procedures, and investigate the processing mechanism of anger and happiness superiority effects by combining cognitive neurobiology means to resolve the disputes.

Screening for, andVariants in a Cohort of Chinese Patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>SH3TC2, PMP2, and BSCL2 genes are related to autosomal recessive (AR) Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease type 1, autosomal dominant (AD)-CMT1, and AD-CMT2, respectively. Pathogenic variants in these three genes were not well documented in Chinese CMT patients. Therefore, this study aims to detect SH3TC2, PMP2, and BSCL2 pathogenic variants in a cohort of 315 unrelated Chinese CMT families.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 315 probands from 315 unrelated Chinese CMT families were recruited from the Department of Neurology of Third Xiangya Hospital and Xiangya Hospital. We screened for SH3TC2 pathogenic variants in 84 AR or sporadic CMT probands, PMP2 pathogenic variants in 39 AD or sporadic CMT1 probands, and BSCL2 pathogenic variants in 50 AD or sporadic CMT2 probands, using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. All these patients were out of 315 unrelated Chinese CMT families and genetically undiagnosed after exclusion of pathogenic variants of PMP22, MFN2, MPZ, GJB1, GDAP1, HSPB1, HSPB8, EGR2, NEFL, and RAB7. Candidate variants were analyzed based on the standards and guidelines of American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Clinical features were reevaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified three novel heterozygous variants such as p.L95V (c.283C>G), p.L1048P (c.3143T>C), and p.V1105M (c.3313G>A) of SH3TC2 gene and no pathogenic variants of PMP2 and BSCL2 genes. Although evaluation in silico and screening in the healthy control revealed that the three SH3TC2 variants were likely pathogenic, no second allele variants were discovered. According to the standards and guidelines of ACMG, the heterozygous SH3TC2 variants such as p.L95V, p.L1048P, and p.V1105M were considered to be of uncertain significance.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>SH3TC2, PMP2, and BSCL2 pathogenic variants might be rare in Chinese CMT patients. Further studies to confirm our findings are needed.</p>

Current Research and Prospects on Postmortem Interval Estimation / 法医学杂志

The researches on postmortem interval （PMI） estimation are very important and meaningful in forensic science. PMI estimation is also an important issue that must be solved in practice of forensic pathology. There are many defects existing in traditional methods for PMI estimation, so it is imperative to introduce new pathways. With the emergence of various new technologies, the researches on PMI estimation have a tendency from simple to complex with a growth of data. The present review firstly summarizes a series of methods used for PMI estimation, and then gives an outlook for the application of artificial intelligence algorithms in this field.