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AlM:To investigate the expression transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP-47), in pterygium and normal conjunctiva tissues, in order to study the roles of these cytokines played in the pathogenesis in human pterygium. METHODS:The expression difference of TGF-β1, HSP-47 between human pterygium and normal conjunctive tissues were compared by immuno - histochemistry technique. RESULTS:The positive expression of TGF-β1, HSP-47 was stronger than in normal conjunctive tissues ( P CONCLUSlON:Over-expression of TGF-β1 and HSP-47 in pterygium compared to the normal conjunctiva tissues may play a critical role during the occurrence, development and invasion of the pterygium.
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Objective To study the mechanism, clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatments of orbital fracture-induced exophthalmos after craniocerebral injury. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 13 patients with orbital fracture-induced exophthalmos after head injury: their causes of injury, clinical situations, types of fracture, operative treatments and surgical outcomes. Spiral CT thin slice scan and three-dimensional reconstruction were performed on the orbit before any treatment, and then, orbital fractures were repaired by corresponding surgical approaches according to the position of fractures and head injury. The effect of operation was evaluated by spiral CT and follow up was performed. Results The patients obviously manifested as having craniocerebral injury and 14 eyeballs in 13 patients had exophthalmos. The average preoperative degree of protrusion was (2.94±0.47) mm.The axial spiral CT together with the reconstructive picture presented the pre- and pro-operative orbital fractures clearly. Orbital fracture positions were situated at superior and medial wall of the orbit. All operations were succeed without death or severe disability. Conclusion The diversify of intracranial pressure is the main reason of orbital fractures which shrinks towards the inter orbit to its volume and induces exophthalmos after craniocerebral injury. The spiral CT examination has vital significance in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital fracture-induced exophthalmos and the patients can obtain good outcome by early surgery.
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· AIM: To summarize the clinical features of Chinese primary congenital glaucoma and to investigate the discrepancies of the clinical features between the Chinese and Indian patients.congenital glaucoma patients were reviewed. The clinical features were summarized as several quantifiable clinical parameters and the severity of the disease was evaluated. Both the quantified clinical features and severity were statistically compared with those of the Indian patients, which were cited from the previous published articles.included in the study. In Chinese patients, sex ratio (male to female )was about 2:1, family history was presented in 3 patients (7.5%) and consanguinity was found in one patient (2.5%). The main symptoms and signs observed in Chinese patients spanned a wide spectrum of manifestations. The most frequent signs noted on the initial examination were enlarged eyeball (42.5%) and decreased visual acuity (35.0%). Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a later onset, a delayed diagnosis, more severe corneal changes and more severe optic nerve damages (P＜0.01). The combined tabeculectomy and trabeculotomy operation was preferred by both Chinese and Indian doctors whereas a higher proportion of Indian patients received the combined operation (P＜0.01). The proportions of the severity grade were different between Chinese and Indian patients. Most Chinese patients were in the severe grade while most Indian patients were in the very severe grade (P＜0.01).patients were sporadic and non-consanguineous.Compared with Indian patients, Chinese patients had a relative later onset, a delayed diagnosis and treatment.More attempts are needed in Chinese PCG prevention and treatment.