Regularity of prescriptions for sick sinus syndrome based on latent structure combined with association rules / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to mine the regularity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) prescriptions for sick sinus syndrome(SSS) and provide a reference for clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment. The relevant papers were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and SinoMed with the time interval from inception to January 31, 2023. The relevant information from qualified papers was extracted to establish a library. Lantern 5.0 and Rstudio were used to analyze the latent structure and association rules of TCMs with the frequency ≥3%, which combined with frequency descriptions, were used to explore the rules of TCM prescriptions for SSS. A total of 192 TCM prescriptions were included, involving 115 TCMs with the cumulative frequency of 1 816. High-frequency TCMs include Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Astragali Radix, and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma. The high-frequency medicines mainly had the effects of tonifying, releasing exterior with pungent-warm, and activating blood and resolving stasis. The analysis of the latent structure model yielded 13 hidden variables, 26 hidden classes, 8 comprehensive cluster models, and 21 core prescriptions. Accordingly, the common syndromes of SSS were inferred as heart-Yang Qi deficiency, heart-spleen Yang deficiency, heart-kidney Yang deficiency, Yang deficiency and blood stasis, both Qi and Yin deficiency and blood stasis, and Yin and Yang deficiency. The analysis of association rules predicted 30 strong association rules, among which Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata had the highest support. SSS is a syndrome with Yang deficiency and Qi deficiency as the root causes and cold, phlegm, and stasis as the manifestations. The clinical treatment of SSS should focus on warming Yang and replenishing Qi, which should be supplemented with the therapies of activating blood and resolving stasis, warming interior and dissipating cold, or regulating Qi movement for resolving phlegm according to the patients' syndromes.

hiPSCs and organoids: prediction of arrhythmogenic risks for optimized traditional Chinese medicine / 中国中药杂志

Accurate assessment of the risks associated with traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), such as the potential to induce serious cardiovascular adverse reactions including cardiac arrhythmias, is crucial. This article introduced the pharmacological evaluation strategies for cardiac safety and the progress in cardiac organ research, with a focus on discussing the application prospects of human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs) and organoids in assessing the risks of TCM-induced cardiac arrhythmias. Compared with traditional animal models, hiPSCs and organoid models provide better reference and predictive capabilities, allowing for more accurate simulation of human cardiac responses. Researchers have successfully generated various cardiac tissue models that mimic the structure and function of the heart to evaluate the effects of TCM on the heart. The hiPSCs model, by reprogramming adult cells into pluripotent stem cells and differentiating them into cardiac cells, enables the generation of personalized cardiac tissue, which better reflects individual differences and drug responses. This provides guidance for the assessment of TCM cardiac toxicity risks. By combining organoid model with cardiac safety pharmacology strategies such as electrocardiogram monitoring and ion channel function assessment, the impact of TCM on the heart can be comprehensively evaluated. In addition, the application of the Comprehensive in Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay(CiPA) approach improves the accuracy of evaluation. Applying the CiPA approach to TCM research reveals potential risks and provides a scientific basis for the clinical application and industrial development of TCM. In conclusion, organoid model and cardiac safety pharmacology evaluation strategies provide important tools for assessing the cardiac toxicity risks of TCM. The combination of hiPSCs model, comprehensive assessment methods, and the CiPA strategy enables an accurate assessment of the risks of TCM-induced cardiac arrhythmias, thus providing a scientific basis for the safe use and international recognition of TCM in clinical practice. This contributes to ensuring the safety and efficacy of TCM and promoting its clinical application and global acceptance.

Outcome indicators in clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of microvascular angina / 中国中药杂志

This study reviewed the current status of the use of outcome indicators in randomized controlled trial(RCT) on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of microvascular angina(MVA) and analyzed the existing problems and possible solutions, aiming to provide a basis for the design of high-quality RCT and the establishment of core outcome sets for MVA. CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and 2 clinical trial registries were searched for the RCT on TCM treatment of MVA according to pre-defined criteria. The Cochrane's risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included RCT and the use of outcome indicators was summarized. A total of 69 RCTs were included, from which 100 outcome indicators were extracted, with the frequency of 430. The extracted outcome indicators belonged to 8 domains: response rate, symptoms and signs, physical and chemical examinations, TCM efficacy, safety, quality of life, economic evaluation, and long-term prognosis. The indicators of physical and chemical examinations were the most(70 indicators with the frequency of 211), followed by those of response rate(7 indicators with the frequency of 73) and symptoms and signs(7 indicators with the frequency of 54). The outcome indicators with higher frequency were adverse reactions, angina attack frequency, clinical efficacy, endothelin-1, total duration of treadmill exercise, and hypersensitive C-reactive protein. The RCT on TCM treatment of MVA had the following problems: irregular reporting of adverse reactions, diverse indicators with low frequency, lack of attention to the application of endpoint indicators, insufficient use of TCM differentiation and efficacy indicators, non-standard evaluation criteria and failure to reflect the basic characteristics of TCM. A unified MVA syndrome differentiation standard should be established, on the basis of which an MVA treatment efficacy evaluation system and core outcome indicator set that highlights the characteristics of TCM with patient-reported outcomes as the starting point should be established to improve the clinical research and research value.

Analysis of refractive parameters and theirs correlation with spherical equivalent in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To investigate the distribution of refractive parameters and theirs correlation with spherical equivalent(SE)in preschool children aged 3 to 6 years, and evaluate the accuracy of each screening index in diagnosing refractive errors.METHODS: Cross-sectional study. A total of 791 preschool children, ranging from 3 to 6 years old, who consented to undergo mydriatic refraction were selected. Axial length(AL), corneal refractive power(K), and SE were measured after microcoria optometry and mydriatic optometry. Additionally, the corneal radius of curvature(CR)and the axial length/corneal radius of curvature(AL/CR)ratio were calculated.RESULTS: A total of 791 students participated in the study, out of which 400(50.6%)were male and 391(49.4%)were female. The mean values for AL, CR, AL/CR, and SE were 22.62±0.94mm, 7.81±0.29mm, 2.90±0.09, and +1.95±1.31D, respectively. AL, CR, and AL/CR increased with age. AL and CR were significantly higher in males than in females(all P<0.001), while there was no statistically significant difference between AL/CR and SE in males and females(P=0.82, 0.19). The correlation coefficients of SE and AL/CR, AL and CR were -0.86, -0.50 and 0.16, respectively. The results of multiple linear regression analysis indicate that for each unit increase in AL/CR, there was a corresponding shift of 10.91 towards myopia in SE. The sensitivity of AL/CR in screening for myopia was 94.44%, with a specificity of 90.46% and a Youden index of 0.84. For screening myopia under microcoria optometry, the sensitivity was 100%, with a specificity of 66.09% and a Youden index of 0.66. The area under the curve was 0.967 and 0.809 when the ROC curves were plotted using AL/CR and AL as indicators for screening myopia, respectively.CONCLUSION: For large group screening activities where mydriatic optometry is not feasible, AL/CR is better for evaluating refractive status and identifying children with myopia and hyperopia reserve that are lower than normal for their age, compared to AL and microcoria optometry.

Bayesian Network Meta-analysis of Therapeutic Effect of Oral Chinese Patent Medicines on Coronary Artery Disease Complicated with Carotid Atherosclerosis / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo compare the therapeutic effects of oral Chinese medicines （including Chinese patent medicines） on coronary artery disease （CAD） by the Bayesian network Meta-analysis. MethodThe randomized controlled trials of treating CAD with oral Chinese medicines were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， PubMed， Web of Science， Embase， and Cochrane Library from the inception to December 1， 2022. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included articles. The direct meta-analysis was performed to compare the performance of oral Chinese medicines alone and in combination with Western medicine in the treatment of CAD in terms of intima-media thickness （IMT）， vascular endothelial function， plaque score， hypersensitive C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and total response rate. Furthermore， the Bayesian network Meta-analysis was performed to compare the therapeutic effects of different Chinese medicines. ResultA total of 41 articles were included. The direct meta-analysis results showed that Chinese medicines combined with Western medicine outperformed Western medicine alone in recovering all the indicators of CAD. The Bayesian network meta-analysis yielded the following results. In terms of the total response rate， modified Huangqi Guizhi Wuwutang and Sanqi Huayu pills had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of IMT and plaque score， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Yiqi Tongluo formula， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， and Guanxin Shutong capsules had obvious advantages over other Chinese medicines. In terms of blood lipid indicators， Shenqi Roumai mixture， Ruangan Jiangzhi capsules， Xiaoban Huazhuo decoction， Qiwei Sanxiong decoction， and Sanqi Huayu pills were superior to other Chinese medicines. The Chinese medicines above mainly had the functions of activating blood， resolving stasis， resolving phlegm， and dredging vessels. ConclusionThe combination of oral Chinese medicines and Western medicine is effective in treating CAD. Clinicians can use the drugs targeting abnormal indicators according to the results of this Bayesian network meta-analysis combined with the actual situation of patients to achieve better therapeutic effects.

Study on the distribution law of TCM syndrome types and influencing factors based on 1 684 patients with unstable angina pectoris of coronary heart disease / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To investigate the distribution law of TCM syndrome types and the differences in influencing factors among different syndrome types in unstable angina pectoris (UA), so as to provide an objective basis for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment of UA.Methods:A retrospective study chose 1 684 inpatients in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from August 2015 to April 2019. Epidata 3.0 software was used to input general information of patients [gender, age, length of hospital stay, BMI, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)], laboratory indicators[TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, fibrinogen (FIB), thrombin time (TT), D-dimer (D-dimer), HbA1c], TCM syndrome types (qi and yin deficiency syndrome, phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome, qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, heart blood stasis syndrome, qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome, heart and kidney yang deficiency syndrome) and other information. A database was established to analyze the distribution of TCM syndrome types and the relationship with the general information of patients, blood lipids, blood sugar and coagulation indexes. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of different syndrome types.Results:The distribution of syndrome types in 1 684 UA patients was as follows: qi and yin deficiency syndrome (44.7%), phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome (35.3%), qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome (7.4%), heart blood stasis syndrome (5.3%), qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome (4.6%), heart and kidney yang deficiency syndrome (2.6%); more men than women ( P<0.05); there were significant differences in the distribution of gender, age, BMI, TC, and HDL-C among the 6 syndrome types ( P<0.05); the age of patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was younger than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and heart blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the age of patients with qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome was younger than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome, heart blood stasis syndrome, and heart kidney yang deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05); BMI of patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was higher than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the level of TC in patients with phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome was lower than that of qi and yin deficiency syndrome and qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); the level of HDL in patients with qi and yin deficiency syndrome was lower than that in qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Binary Logistic regression analysis found that TC [ OR(95% CI)=0.761(0.592, 0.978)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=2.131(1.145, 3.966)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); age[ OR(95% CI)=1.017 (1.008, 1.026)], length of hospital stay [ OR(95% CI)=1.019 (1.001, 1.038)], DBP [ OR(95% CI)=0.984(0.975, 0.993)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=0.984(0.975, 0.993)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi and yin deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=0.965 (0.946, 0.985)], and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=2.329(1.206, 4.500)] were independent influencing factors for predicting qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=0.982 (0.973, 0.991)], length of hospital stay [ OR(95% CI)= 0.978 (0.958, 0.997)], BMI [ OR(95% CI)=1.048 (1.015, 1.082)], DBP [ OR(95% CI)=1.014 (1.004, 1.024)] and HDL-C [ OR(95% CI)=0.505 (0.351, 0.726)] were independent influencing factors for predicting phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome ( P<0.05); age [ OR(95% CI)=1.031(1.003, 1.060)] and DBP [ OR(95% CI)=1.028(1.001, 1.056)] were independent influencing factors for predicting heart kidney yang deficiency syndrome ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The distribution of TCM syndrome types in UA shows a certain regularity, among which qi and yin deficiency syndrome and phlegm turbidity and obstruction syndrome are more common. Gender, age, BMI, TC, HDL-C are different among TCM syndrome types, which can provide some reference for UA TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Exploration of the relationship between the storage time of leukodepleted red blood cell and transfusion adverse reactions / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To explore the relationship between the storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells and transfusion adverse reactions by analyzing the occurrence of transfusion adverse reactions of patients after leukodepleted red blood cells transfusion from four hospitals. 【Methods】 By using the electronic medical record management system, the collection and transfusion dates of leukodepleted red blood cells from four hospitals in Enshi Prefecture from 2018 to 2022, as well as the information on transfusion adverse reactions, were retrieved. 【Results】 From 2018 to 2022, a total of 697 61 bags of leukodepleted red blood cells were transfused in four hospitals, resulting in 166 cases of transfusion adverse reactions, among which 93 were allergic reactions, 63 were non hemolytic febrile reactions, and 10 were others, with a total incidence rate of transfusion adverse reactions at 0.24%. The average storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells with and without transfusion adverse reactions was (20.25±6.31) and (19.88±5.50) days, respectively. With a storage time of 7 days as the threshold, the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions was the lowest for a storage time of 15~21 days. The incidence of transfusion adverse reactions of leukodepleted red blood cells in two groups (with storage days ≤21 days and >21 days) was not statistically significant(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 Allergic reactions were the main type of transfusion adverse reaction caused by leukodepleted red blood cells, and the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions decreased and then increased with the prolongation of the storage time of leukodepleted red blood cells. There was no significant difference in the incidence of transfusion adverse reactions with leukodepleted red blood cells stored for ≤ 21 days and >21 days.

Mechanism of Yitangkang in Improving Apoptosis of Skeletal Muscle Cells by Inhibiting AGE/RAGE Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo determine the mechanism of Yitangkang in correcting excessive apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells to improve insulin resistance （IR） by inhibiting the advanced glycation end product （AGE）/receptor for the advanced glycation end product （RAGE） signaling pathway. Method① In vitro experiments. Yitangkang-medicated serum was prepared. C2C12 cells were divided into a blank group， a model group， high-， medium-， and low-dose Yitangkang-medicated serum groups （40， 20， and 10 g·kg-1）， and a RAGE inhibitor group. The IR model was induced by palmitic acid in C2C12 cells except for those in the blank group. After the corresponding intervention methods were conducted，the cell viability and glucose consumption level of each group were determined. In addition，the apoptosis rate was determined using flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the important apoptotic proteins ［B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， p53， cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-9 （Caspase-9）］ were determined using Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot. ② In vivo experiments. Ninety-six eligible Wistar rats were divided into a blank group， a model group， high-，medium-，and low-dose Yitangkang groups （40， 20， and 10 g·kg-1）， and a western medicine group （pioglitazone hydrochloride，1.35 mg·kg-1）. The IR model was induced using high-glucose and high-fat feed for diabetes combined with intraperitoneal injection of low-dose streptozotocin （STZ） in animals and verified by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp （HEC） test. After the model was determined successfully， the rats in each group were given intragastric administration of drugs as required. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling （TUNEL） assay was performed to determine the number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in each group，while Real-time polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） and Western blot were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expression levels of the important apoptotic proteins Bcl-2， Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9. Result① In vitro experiments. compared with the blank group， the model groups showed increased apoptosis rate of C2C12 cells and decreased cell viability and glucose consumption （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang-medicated serum groups and the RAGE inhibitor group showed decreased apoptosis rate of C2C12 cells and increased cell viability and glucose consumption （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in C2C12 cells and increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang-medicated serum groups and the RAGE inhibitor group showed increased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in C2C12 cells （P<0.01） and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ② In vivo experiments. The number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the model group significantly increased as compared with that in the blank group （P<0.01）. The number of positive apoptotic cells in the skeletal muscle tissues of rats in the Yitangkang groups and the western medicine group decreased as compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. Compared with the blank group， the model group showed decreased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissues of rats and increased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， the Yitangkang groups and the western medicine group showed increased expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein in skeletal muscle tissues of rats （P<0.01） and decreased mRNA and protein expression levels of Bax， p53， Caspase-3， and Caspase-9 （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The medium-dose Yitangkang showed a similar effect as RAGE inhibitor， and the effect was equivalent to that of pioglitazone hydrochloride. ConclusionYitangkang can inhibit skeletal muscle cell apoptosis by inhibiting the AGE/RAGE signaling pathway.

Effect of three-dimensional motion platform training on balance and walking function of stroke patients / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional motion platform training on balance and walking function of stroke patients. MethodsFrom August, 2021 to August, 2022, 80 stroke patients from Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University were selected and randomly divided into control group (n = 40) and experimental group (n = 40). The control group received routine rehabilitation training, and the experimental group received three-dimensional motion platform training on the basis of routine rehabilitation training. Before and four weeks after treatment, the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Functional Ambulation Category (FAC) and 3D gait analysis (step speed, step frequency, percentage of standing phases on the affected side, percentage of double support phase) were used to assess the balance and walking function of patients. ResultsFour weeks after treatment, the scores of BBS, FAC, and step speed, step frequency, percentage of standing phases on the affected side and percentage of double support phase significantly improved in both groups (|t| > 4.423, |Z| > 5.292, P < 0.001), and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 3.748, |Z| = 2.646, P < 0.05). ConclusionThree-dimensional motion platform training could facilitate to improve the balance and walking function of stroke patients.

Influence of paper mixing pads thickness on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the influence of the thickness of mixed cardboard on the compressive strength of glass ionomer cement and the associated factors.@*METHODS@#Three different types of glass ionomer cements were mixed on the top of 60, 40, 20 and 1 pieces of paper (P60, P40, P20 and P1), respectively. The compressive strength of the materials was tested after solidification, and the bubble rate was calculated with the assistance of scanning electron microscope.@*RESULTS@#(1) Compressive strength: ① ChemFil Superior glass ionomer (CF): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was significantly different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.041 and 0.032 respectively); ② To Fuji IX GP glass ionomer (IX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.042 and 0.038 respectively); ③ Glaslonomer FX-Ⅱ glass ionomer cement (FX): The average compressive strength of P1 group was the highest, which was statistically different from that of P20, P40 and P60 groups (P values were 0.031, 0.040 and 0.041 respectively), but there was no statistical difference among the other groups. All the three materials showed that the compressive strength of glass ions gradually increased with the decrease of the thickness of the blended paperboard, and the two materials had a highly linear negative correlation, the correlation coefficients of which were CF-0.927, IX-0.989, FX-0.892, respectively. (2) Scanning electron microscope: P1 group had the least bubbles among the three materials.@*CONCLUSION@#It indicates that the thickness of mixed cardboard has a negative correlation with the compressive strength of glass ions. The thicker the mixed cardboard is, the greater the elasticity is. Excessive elasticity will accelerate the mixing speed when the grinding glass ions. Studies have shown that the faster the speed of artificial mixing is, the more bubbles is produced.The thicker ther mixed cardboard is, the more bubblesn are generated by glass ionomer cement, and the higher the compressive strength is. Using one piece of paper board to mix glass ionomer cement has the least bubbles and can obtain higher compressive strength.

Effect of prolonging the maintenance time of port on ports′ function and catheter related complications after cancer patients completing chemotherapy / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To determine the effect of prolonging the interval of flushing on ports′ function and catheter related complications for cancer patients after completing chemotherapy.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted in 190 patients who undergoing ports-maintenance in outpatient clinical, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, after they finished the chemotherapy from April 2017 to February 2018. According to the random number table, the patients were divided into 4-week group, 8-week group and 12-week group after completing chemotherapy, then returned to the hospital to maintain the port every 4 weeks, every 8 weeks and every 12 weeks, respectively. Then evaluated the function and complications of catheter among different groups.Results:After completion of chemotherapy, the rate of catheters′ patency of tumor patients in 12-week group was 98.5% (66/67), while that in 4-week group was 98.1% (53/54) and in 8-week group was 98.6% (68/69), there was no statistically significant difference on catheters′ patency among different groups ( χ 2=0.48, P>0.05). The rate of catheters′ asymptomatic thrombosis in 12-week group was 18.9% (10/53), which was not significantly different from that of 4-week group 27.0% (10/37) and 8-week group 14.0% (7/50) ( χ 2=2.33, P>0.05). Conclusions:Tumor patients maintaining port every 12 weeks after completion of chemotherapy can ensure the safety of patients using the port. It is favorable for application and promotion of port in cancer patients.

Effects of Rapamycin on corneal haze after photorefractive keratectomy in rabbits / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#AIM: To investigate the effect of modulated autophagy activity on subepithelial haze after photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)in rabbits.<p>METHODS: Totally 64 New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups according to different postoperative medication after PRK operation, including simple PRK group, 14μmol/L DMSO group, 50μmol/L rapamycin group and 100μmol/L rapamycin group. According to the group situation, two hours after the operation, eye drops were given, 3 times a day for 7d. Another 16 rabbits were selected as normal control group. The postoperative inflammatory response and corneal epithelial healing were observed with slit-lamp microscope every day. Haze formation of each group at 1 and 4wk after PRK was collected by slit-lamp microscopy system. Eight rabbits in each group were killed by air embolization 1 and 4wk after PRK, and corneal tissue was extracted and frozen for later use. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1), α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA), and matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2). Real-time PCR was used to detect the relative expression levels of autophage-5(ATG5), autophage-12(ATG12), B lymphocytoma gene-2(Bcl-2)and cysteine aspartic proteinase-3(Caspase3)genes.<p>RESULTS: Corneal epithelium of all operative rabbits healed completely at 3-4d and no significant difference in healing time between the groups after operation(<i>F</i>=0.745, <i>P</i>=0.530). During the observation period, haze was the most obvious at 4wk after operation in all groups. The haze symptoms were more serious in the simple operation group and the 14μmol/L DMSO group, followed by the 50μmol/L rapamycin group. The haze symptoms in the 100μmol/L rapamycin group were significantly relieved than those in other groups. There was no significant difference in the haze grading with different time points after operation among all groups(all <i>P</i><0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of TGF-β1, MMP-2 and α-SMA was stronger in the operation group and 14μmol/L DMSO group, followed by 50μmol/L rapamycin group, and weakest in 100μmol/L rapamycin group than other groups at 1 and 4wk after operation(all <i>P</i><0.05). The results of PCR showed that the relative expression of ATG5, ATG12 and Bcl-2 mRNA in 50μmol/L rapamycin group and 100μmol/L rapamycin group were significantly higher than those in simple operation group and 14μmol/L DMSO group at 1 and 4wk after operation(all <i>P</i><0.05); The relative expression of Caspase3 mRNA in 50μmol/L rapamycin group and 100μmol/L rapamycin group was significantly lower than that in simple operation group and 14μmol/L DMSO group(all <i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: Rapamycin can enhance autophagy level and inhibit apoptosis level, thus reducing haze formation after PRK in rabbits.

Drug resistance characteristics of pathogenic bacteria in neonatal bloodstream infections from a hospital in Chuzhou, Anhui, 2017-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract： Objective　To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of the bacterial strains isolated from blood cultures in neonatal septicemia children of Neonatology Department, the First People's Hospital of Chuzhou during Jan. 2017-Dec. 2021, in order to guide clinical rational drug use. Methods　The distribution and the results of antimicrobial susceptibility tests and characteristics of the pathogenic bacteria isolated from blood culture samples in neonatal septicemia children in the First Hospital of Chuzhou from Jan. 2017 to Dec. 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The results were analyzed with WHONET 5.6 software, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2021 breakpoints. 　Results　A total of 189 strains were isolated from the 4 538 sample of blood cultures, the positive rate was 4.2%, including 59(31.2%) Gram-negative bacterial strains, 130 (68.8%) Gram-positive bacterial strains. The most frequently isolates were coagulase-negative staphylococci（64.0%), Serratia liquefaciens (15.9%), Escherichia coli (3.2%), Acinetobacter lwoffii (2.6%) and Delftia acidovorans (2.6%). The prevalence of methicillin-resistant isolates was 81.8%(99/121) in coagulase-negative Staphylococci and 25.0%（1/4） in Staphylococcus aureus. No staphylococcal strains were found resistant to vancomycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin or linezolid. The sensitivity of the antibacterial drug monitored by Serratia liquefaciens was 100.0%.Conclusions　Gram-positive bacterial are the main pathogen of neonatal septicemia, and is highly resistant to the common antibacterial drugs. The clinical should choose antibacterial agents reasonably according to drug sensitivity.

Mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang against Vulnerable Plaque of Atherosclerosis： Based on Macrophage Pyroptosis Mediated by NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） on vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis based on the macrophage pyroptosis mediated by nuclear factor （NF）-κB/NOD-like receptor protein 3 （NLRP3）/cysteine-aspartic acid protease （Caspase）-1 pathway. MethodA total of 12 normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G groups， respectively）， and western medicine group. The control group and model group were given （ig） equal volume sterile distilled， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. Aortic plaques were observed based on hematoxylin and eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of interleukin （IL）-1β and IL-18 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）， protein levels of macrophage mannose receptor （CD206）/apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD （ASC） and CD206/NLRP3 by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and C-terminal gasdermin D （GSDMD）， N-terminal GSDMD， NLRP3， pro-cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 1 （pro-Caspase-1） and NF-κB p65 by Western blot. ResultCompared with the control group， model group demonstrated serious pathological changes， rise of the levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and decrease of CD206 level （P<0.05）. As compared with model group， the administration groups showed alleviation of the lesions in aortic wall， decrease in levels of serum IL-1β and IL-18 and tissue ASC， NLRP3， C-terminal GSDMD， N-terminal GSDMD， pro-Caspase-1， and NF-κB p65， and rise of CD206 level， with significant difference between some groups （P<0.05）. ConclusionGegen Qinliantang alleviates vulnerable plaque of atherosclerosis by regulating NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway and further relieving macrophage pyroptosis.

Gegen Qinliantang Regulates Polarization Tendency of Macrophages to Intervene in Vulnerable Plaque in AS of ApoE-/- Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the mechanism underlying the intervention of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis （AS） of ApoE-/- mice by regulating the polarization of macrophages. MethodTwelve normal C57BL/6CNC mice were used as the control group， and 60 ApoE-/- mice of the same line were randomized into 5 groups： model group， low-dose， middle-dose， and high-dose GQL groups （GQL-D， GQL-Z， and GQL-G groups， respectively）， and atorvastatin group （western medicine group）. High-fat diet was used for modeling. The control group and the model group were given （ig） equal volume of sterile distilled water， and GQL-D， GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups received （ig） corresponding concentration of drugs for 8 weeks. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， triglyceride （TG）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） were detected with biochemical methods. The distribution of plaques in the aortic region was observed based on oil red O staining and hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. Serum levels of M1 pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α and interleukin （IL）-6 and M2 anti-inflammatory factors IL-13 and transforming growth factor （TGF）-β were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Protein expression of macrophage mannose receptor CD206/arginase-1 （Arg-1） and CD206/inducible nitric oxide synthase （iNOS） was determined by double-labeling immunofluorescence， and mRNA expression of aortic Arg-1 and iNOS by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. ResultLevels of TG， TC， and LDL-C were significantly lower and HDL-C level was significantly higher in the GQL-Z， GQL-G， and western medicine groups than in the model group. As the concentration of GQL rose， the area with plaques gradually shrunk and the color became lighter. The staining areas of the GQL-G group and the western medicine group were the most scattered. The administration groups showed significant increase in the protein levels of Arg-1 and CD206， significant decrease in the protein level of iNOS， significant rise of Arg-1 mRNA level， and significant drop of iNOS mRNA level （P<0.05）. ConclusionGQL intervenes in the vulnerable plaques in AS by improving lipid metabolism， inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization， promoting macrophage M2 polarization， and further improving the inflammatory microenvironment.

Explore Potential Molecular Mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang in Intervention of Atherosclerosis Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential molecular mechanism of Gegen Qinliantang （GQL） in the intervention of atherosclerosis （AS） based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. MethodThe active components and targets of each medicinal in GQL were retrieved from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform （TCMSP）， and AS-related genes from 7 databases. Thereby， the anti-AS targets of GQL were screened out. Cytoscape 3.8.0 was employed to construct the "component-target" network， and STRING the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network. Core targets were screened out with CytoNCA. R clusterProfiler was used for Gene Ontology （GO） term enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment of target genes， which were then visualized. Finally， molecular docking of the top ten active components with the core targets of AS was performed and the binding affinity was compared with that between atorvastatin and the core targets. ResultIn the end， 150 active components of GQL， 20 289 AS targets， and 213 common targets were retrieved， and 48 core common targets were screened out. They were mainly involved in the GO terms of nuclear receptor activity， ligand activation， and transcription factor activity and the pathways of fluid shear force and AS， advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products （AGE/RAGE）， interleukin-17 （IL-17）， tumor necrosis factor （TNF）， Toll-like receptor pathways and other signaling pathways closely related to AS. The molecular docking results showed that the effective components of GQL had high binding affinity to core targets of AS， and the binding affinity was even higher than that between the atorvastatin and core targets. The five groups with high binding affinity were puerarin-TNF， baicalein-inducible nitric oxide synthase 2 （NOS2）， puerarin-NOS2， and formononetin-NOS2， wogonin-NOS2. ConclusionThe above result provides new ideas for further exploration of this classical decoction.

Key points of post-marketing evaluation of classic traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions based on combination of disease and syndrome / 中国中药杂志

Classic prescriptions, hospital preparations and famous traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) experience prescriptions are the main sources of new drug development and innovation. The multi-components and multi-targets treatment characteristics of TCM are advantages, but at the same time, broad indications, unclear clinical positioning and lack of evidence-based evidence support are the key problems affecting the play of TCM efficacy and restricting its promotion and application. The hot in recent research was to how to break through the bottleneck, precise clinical positioning, highlight the advantages of the classic TCM prescriptions, and complete the transformation from clinical practice, clinical research to clinical evidence, but at the same time, it is also the difficulty. The clinical research model of the combination of disease and syndrome can fully reflect the ancient medical case evidence of classic TCM prescriptions, the historical experience of human used and the characteristics of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and highlight the advantages of Chinese medicine. At the same time, under the modern disease classification system and research mode, is conducive to established the standardized clinical evidence report and evaluation system, is conducive to promote the integration of clinical research evidence, and avoids excessive attenuation of information. Based on the previous work of our team, the intention of this study was to make a comment about the key points of the post-marketing evaluation of the classic TCM prescriptions under the combination of disease and syndrome and includes key points:(1)With the syndrome as the carrier, connected with the classical prescription and clinical diseases, focused on the clinical positioning on macroscopically.(2)The combination of syndrome visualization, standardization and pharmacological molecular basis, focus on clinical precise positioning in microscopic.(3)Innovating therapeutic effect evaluation methods, reflecting the curative effect characteristics based on syndrome differentiation.(4)The combination of "randomized controlled evidence-based studies" and "real world evidence-based evaluation", focusing on clinical advantages, fully evidence-based evidence.(5)Make full use of clinical registration studies and pay attention to safety.

Meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction / 中国中药杂志

To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. Seven Chinese and English databases, namely CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, SinoMed and PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, were retrieved from the establishment of the database to March 2020. Randomized controlled trials for Xinmailong Injection in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction were screened out. Cochrane collaboration network bias risk assessment tool was used to evaluate the literature quality of the studies included, and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis. A total of 926 relevant literatures were retrieved, and 12 studies were finally included, involving 972 patients, including 486 patients in the treatment group and 486 patients in the control group. The quality of the literatures included was generally low. The results of Meta-analysis showed that Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine could decrease the levels of BNP(SMD=-5.90, 95%CI[-8.45,-3.36], P<0.000 01) and NT-proBNP(SMD=-2.28, 95%CI[-3.13,-1.43], P<0.000 01) and decrease the levels of cTnI(SMD=-2.91, 95%CI[-4.21,-1.60], P<0.000 1), increase LVEF(MD=4.67, 95%CI[4.19, 5.16], P<0.000 01), increased 6 MWT(MD=73.90, 95%CI[67.51, 80.28], P<0.000 01], decreased LVEDD(MD=-5.46, 95%CI[-9.66,-1.25], P=0.01), reduce the level of serum inflammatory factor(hs-CRP, CRP, IL-6). In terms of safety, less adverse reactions occurred in the study, with no impact on the treatment. The results showed that clinical use of Xinmailong Injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction can further alleviate clinical symptoms and relevant indexes, with less adverse reactions. However, due to the limitations in quantity and quality of the clinical studies included, the positive results can only be used as a hint and reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment, and more high-quality studies are needed to further confirm its efficacy.

Network Meta-analysis of Chinese patent medicine in treatment of unstable angina pectoris / 中国中药杂志

Network Meta-analysis was used to compare the efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines in the treatment of unstable angina pectoris. PubMed, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and other databases were retrieved by computers from the establishment of the databases to June 2020. Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) of Chinese patent medicines for the treatment of unstable angina pectoris were collected. Two investigators independently screened out the literatures, and extracted data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included RCTs was evaluated according to the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane System Reviewer Manual, and the Stata 13.0 software was used for data analysis and mapping. Through screening, 28 eligible studies were finally included, with the sample size of 2 885 cases, involving 8 Chinese patent medicines. The results of the network Meta-analysis showed that in terms of total effective rate for angina symptom improvement, the order was as follows: Shenshao Capsules > Naoxintong Capsules > Ginkgo Ketone Ester Dripping Pills > Compound Danshen Dripping Pills > Ginkgo Leaf Tablets > Shexiang Baoxin Pills > Tongxinluo Capsules > Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules; in terms of total effective rate for ECG curative effect, the order was as follows: Ginkgo Ketone Ester Dripping Pills>Compound Danshen Dripping Pills > Tongxinluo Capsules > Shenshao Capsules > Shexiang Baoxin Pills > Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules; in terms of hypersensitivity-C-reactive protein curative effect, the order was as follows: Tongxinluo Capsules > Shenshao Capsules > Ginkgo Leaf Tablets>Compound Danshen Dropping Pills> Shexiang Baoxin Pills > Naoxintong Capsules > Yindan Xinnaotong Soft Capsules > Ginkgo Ketone Ester Dropping Pills. Chinese patent medicine combined with conventional therapy can improve the clinical efficacy of unstable angina pectoris. Due to the differences in the quantity and quality of the included studies, the order results of Chinese patent medicines need to be further verified.

Bioinformatics analysis and function prediction of ginseng TCP transcription factor family / 中国中药杂志

The longevity mechanism of ginseng(Panax ginseng) is related to its strong meristematic ability. In this paper, this study used bioinformatic methods to identify the members of the ginseng TCP gene family in the whole genome and analyzed their sequence characteristics. Then, quantitative real-time fluorescent PCR was performed to analyze the TCP genes containing elements rela-ted to meristem expression in the taproots, fibrous roots, stems, and leaves. According to the data, this study further explored the expression specificity of TCP genes in ginseng tissues, which facilitated the dissection of the longevity mechanism of ginseng. The ginseng TCP members were identified and analyzed using PlantTFDB, ExPASy, MEME, PLANTCARE, TBtools, MEGA and DNAMAN. The results demonstrated that there were 60 TCP gene family members in ginseng, and they could be divided into two classes: Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ, in which the Class Ⅱ possessed two subclasses: CYC-TCP and CIN-TCP. The deduced TCP proteins in ginseng had the length of 128-793 aa, the isoelectric point of 4.49-9.84 and the relative molecular mass of 14.2-89.3 kDa. They all contained the basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH) domain. There are a variety of stress response-related cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of ginseng TCP genes, and PgTCP20-PgTCP24 contained the elements associated with meristematic expression. The transcription levels of PgTCP20-PgTCP24 were high in fibrous roots and leaves, but low in stems, indicating the tissue-specific expression of ginseng TCP genes. The Class Ⅰ TCP members which contained PgTCP20-PgTCP23, may be important regulators for the growth and development of ginseng roots.