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Objective To understand affective characteristic of Chinese words. Method 1300 adjectives and nouns of Chinese words were rated in five point scale by 65 participants in three dimensions: emotional valence,arousal and familiarity. Results Neither age effect nor gender effect were found for the word scores in each scale of each dimension. The correlation coefficients between each two dimensions were significant (P＜0.01):0. 787 for valence-arousal, 0. 550 for valence-familiarity and 0. 600 for arousal-familiarity.Conclusion The affective vocabulary system of Chinese words can be used as a tool in future emotional research.
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PurposeTo observe the effects of blocking the renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system at different sites in experimental congestive heart failure (CHF)rats. Methods Six weeks after coronary ligation, rats( n = 66)were randomized to benalapril, losartan, spironolactone, placebo, and treated for 6 weeks. Sham-operated rats( n = 18) served as controls. Six weeks later left ventricular hemodynamics were measured. Results In the hemodynamic variables, HR was not significantly different between groups. Compared four treatment groups with sham-operated group, LVEDP increased, LVPSP and ± dp/dtmax decreased (P＜0.05). Compared with placebo group,all data in spironolactone group were not significantly different, LVEDP, mortality in benalapril group and in losartan group decreased, LVPSP and ± dp/dtmax in benalapril group and in losartan group increased(P ＜ 0.05). ConclusionsAdministration of ACEI and Ag Ⅱ-AT1 antagonist are effective in preventing from cardiac function deterioration, while spironolactone treatments are not. Spironolactone has tendency in decreasing LVEDP.
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Cardiomyocytes apoptosis plays a crucial role in the pathologic process of some ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases. Since the discovery of the calpain family,more and more studies have demonstrated their close relationship with cell apoptosis. In addition to the consideration of their unique distribution in the cardiomyocytes,we are enthralled by their implication of a novel direction for both the diagnosis and the treatment of various heart diseases.
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AIM: To investigate the dynamic alteration of cardiac collagen metabolism in mice with acute,chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).METHODS: BALB/c mice infected with coxsackievirus B_3 were used to establish animal models of acute,chronic myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy,while uninfected animals were also prepared and served as controls.After verification of models by histopathological methods and echocardiography,serum concentration of aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅲ procollagen(PIIINP),aminoterminal propeptide of type Ⅰ procollagen(PINP) and carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen(PICP) in each group of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1(MMP1) and its tissue inhibitor(TIMP-1) were determined by Western blotting analysis.The MMP-1 activity was also detected.RESULTS: Marked myocardial fibrosis was observed in all groups of CVB_3-infected mice.Reparative fibrosis,promotion of synthesis and degradation of cardiac collagens were presented in heart tissue of acute myocarditis mice. Both reparative and reactive fibrosis,enhanced synthesis and lightened degradation of collagen were present in chronic myocarditis,while reactive fibrosis and excess collagen synthesis were confirmed in DCM.Expression and activity of(MMP-1) was progressively decreased.TIMP-1 showed unchanged.The ratio of MMP-1/TIMP-1 was progressively descended.CONCLUSION: Collagen metabolism was special in different phase of viral heart diseases,which may play different roles in the progression and prognosis of these kinds of disease.
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Chromogranin A (CGA) has been considered as the most useful indicator of neuroendocrine activity.It is the precursor of many biologically active peptides produced by proteolytic cleavage,which play their roles in a large variety of patterns in different tissue.Clinically,CGA is of diagnostic and evaluation value in several diseases.The protein structure,biological and physiological functions as well as the clinical significance of CGA are reviewed in this article.