RESUMEN
Background: Urinary tract infection is a common infection among both genders there was higher prevalence among women probably due to the physiology of urinary tract in women. In addition, age is an important factor where elderly people with urinary devices like catheters are prone to the infection. Aims and Objectives: Study conducted to assess the clinical profile, predisposing factors, uropathogen profile causing Urinary tract infection in elderly women and to identify associated factors responsible for it. Methods: The study was conducted in, S Nijalingappa Medical College and HSK Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka and was conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine. Study period extended from December 2018 to May 2020. It was a study on elderly women patients (age>60 yr) with symptoms of UTI admitted in HSK hospital. Patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Total number of 65 patients were taken for the study. Results: In our study, UTI commonly witnessed in the age group was 60-69 years. Most common causative organism is E. Coli isolated in 47.7% cases. The average length of hospitalization was 8.65 ± 8.94 days. Most organisms are sensitive to Nitrofurantoin (43%). Conclusion: 1. Urinary tract infection is common infection among both genders there was higher prevalence among women, age is an important factor where elderly people with urinary devices like catheters are prone to the infection. 2. Diabetes enhances the incidence due to elevated blood sugar levels and has a significant role in the incidence of the infection. 3. As gram negative isolates shows drug resistance, prompt diagnosis and the right choice of antimicrobials can play a key role in reducing mortality in elderly UTI patients.
RESUMEN
Introduction: The third stage of labor is the time from the birth of the baby to the expulsion of the placenta and membranes.Management is normally categorized into two types; active management and physiological management. Active managementof the third stage involves a package of care comprising the following components: Routine use of uterotonic drugs, deferredclamping, and cutting of the cord controlled cord traction after signs of separation of the placenta. Most common complicationsof the third stage of labor are postpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta.Aims and Objectives: The present clinical audit aims to improve the care of healthy women and their babies during the thirdstage of child and to review the practices regarding the third stage of labor and to develop and implement action plan regardingmanagement strategies.Materials And Methodology: The audit was carried out on 218 pregnant women admitted in Rajarajeswari Medical Collegeand Hospital from April 2018 to September 2018. The inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and data collection on the excel sheetwere based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines.Results: Among 218 cases, vaginal blood loss was recorded in 181 (83%) cases whereas the color, respiration, and generalcondition were recorded in all 218 cases. In all 218 cases, active management of the third stage was carried out, and decisionregarding the same was recorded. The time of cord clamping was recorded in only 6% of the cases. The management ofpostpartum hemorrhage and retained placenta met audit standard in all 218 cases.Conclusion and Recommendations: The present clinical audit suggests that there is a need to follow specific guidelines andtreatment strategies to avert the complications. Recording of vaginal blood loss in all cases, instructions for the compulsoryrecording of the cord clamping time following the birth of a baby and continue to follow the remaining steps according to theNICE guidelines to reduce the complications of the third stage of labor.