[ comparison of efficacy of isopropyl alcohol and ethanol in disinfection programs in pediatrics ward and neonatal intensive care unit]

Hospital infections are still one of the main causes of death. These infections may be transferred from one patient to another or through medical devices. The prevalence of hospital-acquired infection is 6%-12%. This rate increases to about 65% in some underdeveloped countries. The goal of this study was to compare the efficacy of Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol in disinfection in pediatrics ward and neonatal intensive care unit. In this trial, 116 specimens were collected from medical devices before and after disinfecting with Isopropyl alcohol and Ethanol. In order to assess the exact effect of these two disinfectants, some of the medical devices were exposed directly to microorganism colonies and then were disinfected using Isopropyl alcohol or Ethanol. Samples were cultured on Petri dishes. The results of cultured specimens before disinfection showed that some microorganisms such as Staphylococcus, Escherichia-Coli [E. coli], Pseudomonas, and Enterobacter were grown on medical devices. After disinfection, only two microorganisms grew [staphylococcus and Escherichia-Coli] on devices that were disinfected with Ethanol; and there were no growth on the devices that were disinfected with Isopropyl alcohol. The results of the study showed that the Isopropyl Alcohol is more effective in disinfecting than the Ethanol. Since the Ethanol needs more time and specific procedures to act, it should be better to use disinfectants like Isopropyl Alcohol that acts faster and simpler

[ reasons and futurity of couples referred to the Yasouj family court 2004]

Family is the most lawful unit of the society and its main role is generation training and establishment of sentiment and fluency balance. This role could be less effective because of parent death, divorce, etc. The bad effects of these factors can appear as insecurity feeling in all family members. This study is conducted to recognize the reasons of couples referred to the Yasouj Family Court and their futurity 2004. This is a descriptive study in which 521 dossier were studied and necessary data were worked out and analyzed using descriptive inference statistic. The results showed that among 521 dossiers, 445 cases [%85.4] were women and 76 cases [%14.6] were related to the men .The minimum and the maximum age were 5 and 65 respectively with an average of 28.8 +/- 9.24 .The most applicants had presented their petition only one year after their marriage [136 cases means%30.6 women and 14 cases means%18.4 men]. In women the reason was that, they didn't receive their alimony [197cases means%44.3] and in men the reason was disobedience and this situation finally caused divorce for 103 [%23.1] women and 7 [%9.2] men. Family and it's crises is a wide subject and could be studied in different dimensions but due to rapid social, economical and cultural changes family is usually exposed to crises. In order to avoid this situation the family must have a precise and systematic planning. This could be achieved by making a stable family based on suitable choosing and primary knowledge to begin common life

[Women's level of knowledge, attitude and practice about osteoporosis in Yasouj 2006]

Osteoporosis is a multifactor chronic disease that is recognized by low bone concentration and substructure disorder of bone tissue and is a major health problem. This disease is preventable and curable to a large extent by recognition of attitude, daily habits living method, etc of people .So, this research was done in order to determine the women's level of knowledge, Attitude and practice about Osteoporosis so that an important work for the health of this great group of society. In this descriptive study, 320 women 15-65 years old from Yasouj referred to the health centers in the year 2006 were studied. Using convenient sampling method, data collection was done through a questionnaire including individual characteristic [age, education level, marriage and employment status] and three parts of knowledge, attitude and practice. Data analysis was done using SPSS software and descriptive statistical and Mann- whitney tests to study the relation between basic variables and level of knowledge, attitude and practice of samples. Results showed that, from employment point of view, 226[70.6%] of samples were housekeeper and 94[24%] were employed, from education point of view, 318[68.4%] illiterate or primary and 102[31.6%], had diploma or higher levels. the knowledge of 41.0%of samples was medium, attitude of 72.3% was positive and practice of 64.3% was good. Regarding the relation between basic variables and level of knowledge, attitude and practice of samples, there was a meaningful relation between employment and practice [p<0.05], in such a way that, persons who were out at work had a better practice and there was direct linear relation between knowledge and education level, but no relation existed between knowledge and attitude. Considering the results of the research, extending women's education by general communications gynecologists, health centers and family health personnels regarding the Osteoporosis prevention measures such as proper food habits, abstaining from alcohol, smoking and bone erosive drugs, proper physical activity, using of calcium rich diet, being exposed to the sunlight and using of hormonal and non -hormonal drugs are suggested