RESUMEN
During Thalassemia, children should be under frequent blood injections to maintain their lives. The use of intra-vein cutters is one of the most prevalent and painful procedures, and children specially young children usually call it the most stressful aspect of their disease, hospitalization and even their outpatient visit. The present research is an investigation of the influence of familiarization play on the anxiety in the case of injection procedures for children before school age. The present study is a clinical experiment. The research sample consists of 60 Thalassemia children of 3-7 years old, possessing files in Thalassemia sections in Gilan Province. The participants were randomly divided into two groups [experimental group and one control group]. In the experimental group, a familiarization play was carried out for 10-15 minutes prior to the injection procedure. The instruments used in the research include: Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Scale of facial self report of anxiety, and the Questionnaire of child clinical fear self report. The analysis of the data was carried out through SPSS and the statistic test: chi-square, t-test, Mann-whiney and Wilcoxon sign. The data indicated that there was not a significant difference between the average scores of anxiety in the two groups prior to the treatment [P>0.05]. However, after the treatment, the statistic test Mann-whiney and Wilcoxon sign showed a significant difference between the experimental group and the control group in term of the average scores anxiety [P<0.05]. According to the research results, the treatment of familiarization play is influential on anxiety decrease resulted from the injection procedures in children. Therefore it is suggested that child nurses use the method of familiarization play in order to comfort of children with acute and chronic diseases who are frequently under treatment measures