RESUMEN
Recent infectious disease outbreaks, such as COVID-19 and Ebola, have highlighted the need for rapid and accurate diagnosis to initiate treatment and curb transmission. Successful diagnostic strategies critically depend on the efficiency of biological sampling and timely analysis. However, current diagnostic techniques are invasive/intrusive and present a severe bottleneck by requiring specialist equipment and trained personnel. Moreover, centralised test facilities are poorly accessible and the requirement to travel may increase disease transmission. Self-administrable, point-of-care (PoC) microneedle diagnostic devices could provide a viable solution to these problems. These miniature needle arrays can detect biomarkers in/from the skin in a minimally invasive manner to provide (near-) real-time diagnosis. Few microneedle devices have been developed specifically for infectious disease diagnosis, though similar technologies are well established in other fields and generally adaptable for infectious disease diagnosis. These include microneedles for biofluid extraction, microneedle sensors and analyte-capturing microneedles, or combinations thereof. Analyte sampling/detection from both blood and dermal interstitial fluid is possible. These technologies are in their early stages of development for infectious disease diagnostics, and there is a vast scope for further development. In this review, we discuss the utility and future outlook of these microneedle technologies in infectious disease diagnosis.
RESUMEN
The free radical scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of beta-carotene peroxidation of Phlomis persica [PP] extracts was investigated. In addition, the effect of this extract on reduction of the hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxicity in non-immortalized fibroblast was examined. The extracts showed free radical scavenging capacity, and the ethyl acetate extract showed marked effect on inhibition of lipid peroxidation similar to that of gallic acid. These results were further supported by a protective effect of Phlomis crude extract on H[2]O[2]-induced cytotoxicity in human non-immortalized fibroblasts