Evaluating skeletal changes in treatment of anterior open bite with accentuated curve NiTi wires

The treatment of anterior open bite has proven to be a nightmare and one of the most challenging aspects of orthodontics. In this study we tried to treat anterior open bite patients with a combination of incisor extrusion and molar intrusion. The study group included 22 patients with a mean age of 17.6 years. After the initial leveling and alignment 0.016 "x 0.022" accentuated curve NiTi arch wires were places with anterior box elastics. Average treatment completion time was 18 months followed by retention. The purpose of the study was to evaluate skeletal changes taking place due to the effect of accentuated curve NiTi wires with anterior box elastics in anterior open bite patients

Social marketing of the insecticide-treated bednets: the case for Pakistan

With an estimated half a million cases of malaria annually in Pakistan, and drug resistant cases on the increase, more practical preventive measures such as insecticide- treated bednets are essential. Social marketing through commercial channels has become an important cost- effective means to deliver health products and services to low income people and to motivate them to use these services. It has been demonstrated that social marketing of insecticide- treated bednets has saved the lives of millions of people in malaria- endemic regions at a cost as low as US$ 2 per person. Social marketing could be an effective strategy for getting insecticide- treated nets to poor communities in Pakistan who are most vulnerable to malaria

cephalometric study of the effects of screw height on rapid maxillary expansion

This study was undertaken to compare the skeletal expansion effects of rapid maxillary expansion [RME] using either a shallow or deep height of Hyrax expansion screw. The study includes 16 patients with narrow maxilla and mild to moderate crowding of the maxillary arch. Rapid maxillary expansion was performed in half of the patients with the shallow Hyrax expansion screw and other half with the deep screw. The angular and linear changes related to the maxilla were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed ranking test comparing posterior anterior [PA] cephalometric films obtained before and after rapid maxillary expansion. Both appliances were equally effective in skeletal expansion of maxilla. The deep screw appliance was more effective in increasing the nasal width

Chest imaging in AIDS-radiologic findings with pathologic correlation

Majority of life threatening illnesses in AIDS begin as pulmonary infections and a radiologist must always seriously consider the possibility of HlVinfection and its manifestion when confronting an abnormal chest study in a young adult. Chest radiography may be normal in upto 15 percent of patients with proven pulmonary involvement or the radiographic picture may be confusing due to atypical appearances of opportunistic infections in immuno-compromised host, compounded further by concomitant appearance of neoplastic complications like Kaposi sarcoma or AIDS related Iymphoma. Cases with normal chest radiograph but high degree of suspicion of chest disease need to be evaluated by CT scan which has been found to be superior to chest radiography in identifying patient with and without chest disease and in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary complications in patients with AIDS. Radionuclear scans and MRI have some role only in selected few cases. Combining imaging features with clinical presentation, CD4 lymphocyte count, previous treatment and underlying risk group can narrow down differential diagnosis, expedite treatment and may be helpful in preventing complications