Terapia medicamentosa no domicílio: experiências de mães de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme / Terapia medicamentosa en domicilio: experiencias de madres de niños y adolescentes con anemia de células falciformes / Home-based medication therapy: experiences of mothers of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever as experiências de mães de crianças e adolescentes com anemia falciforme acerca da terapia medicamentosa no domicílio. Método: estudo descritivo, com análise qualitativa dos dados, realizado em setembro de 2016. Foram entrevistadas oito mães de crianças e adolescentes, em tratamento para doença falciforme, em Unidade de Internação e Ambulatório de Pediatria de um hospital terciário da capital paulista. Os dados foram organizados, codificados e apresentados em categorias, conforme procedimentos preconizados para análise de conteúdo. Resultados: as mães apresentaram desconhecimento acerca dos cuidados durante a administração dos medicamentos no domicílio, bem como de eventuais efeitos adversos, mecanismo de ação e benefícios das medicações utilizadas. Conclusão: confirmou-se a necessidade da atuação do enfermeiro na orientação das mães para a administração segura e correta dos fármacos no domicílio, a fim de reduzir complicações relacionadas com absorção do medicamento, supressão terapêutica e exposição indevida dos cuidadores à droga.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir las experiencias de madres de niños y adolescentes con anemia de células falciformes acerca de la terapia medicamentosa en domicilio. Método: estudio descriptivo, con análisis cualitativo de los datos, desarrollado en septiembre del 2016. Fueron entrevistadas ocho madres de niños y adolescentes sometidos a tratamiento para enfermedad de células falciformes en Unidad de Internación y Ambulatorio de Pediatría de un hospital terciario de la capital del estado de São Paulo. Los datos fueron organizados, codificados y presentados en categorías, según los procedimientos recomendados para análisis de contenido. Resultados: las madres mostraron desconocimiento acerca de los cuidados durante la administración de los medicamentos en domicilio, y también de eventuales efectos adversos, mecanismo de acción y beneficios de las medicaciones utilizadas. Conclusión: se confirmó la necesidad de actuación del enfermero en la orientación de las madres para la administración segura y correcta de los fármacos en domicilio, con objeto de reducir complicaciones relacionadas a la absorción del medicamento, supresión terapéutica y exposición indebida de los cuidadores a la droga.

ABSTRACT Objective: describe the experiences of mothers of children and adolescents with sickle cell anemia with regard to home-based medication therapy. Method: descriptive study with qualitative data analysis, developed in September 2016. Eight mothers of children and adolescents under treatment for sickle cell disease were interviewed at the Pediatric Inpatient and Outpatient Service of a tertiary hospital in the state capital of São Paulo. The data were organized, coded and presented in categories, following content analysis procedures. Results: the mothers presented lack of knowledge on care during home-based medication administration, as well as on possible adverse effects, the action mechanism and benefits of the medication used. Conclusion: nurses need to act in advising the mothers for safe and correct drug administration at home, with a view to reducing complications related to the absorption of the drug, therapeutic suppression and caregivers' undue exposure to the drug.

Mammographic findings in different breast cancer subtypes [luminal, Her2 positive, triple negative]

Background: prognosis and management of breast cancer are defined by different variables including histological type, grading, clinical stage, Her2+, estrogen and progesterone receptor conditions. Generally, mammography is one of the most important imaging which is done in breast cancer patients. The aim of this research was to evaluate different mammographic patterns in different breast cancer sub types

Materials and Methods: demographic and clinicopathologic data of 128 breast cancer patients which referred to two academic hospitals were obtained from their registered files and their mammographies were reviewed by two radiologists separately. Patients were categorized into 3 groups of Luminal, triple negative and Her2+ and the checklists were filled out by research team. The mentioned data was then analyzed by the SPSS software version 16

Results: in this study we found significant difference in margins' clarity and axillary lymphadenopathy between mammographic presentations of different breast cancer subtypes [P=0.041] and [P=0.14], respectively; but the difference of other mamographic presentations including mass existence, mass size, margin type, peleomorphic calcification, micro calcification, nipple retraction, skin thickening and tissue distortion were not significantly different between three groups [P>0.05]

Conclusion: results of current study showed no significant difference between mammographic features of different invasive breast cancer subtypes except for axillary lymphadenopathy and ill-defined margins. Since the majority of patients were in premenopausal status, perhaps we can say lower sensitivity of mammography in premenopausal women could not accurately distinguish mammographic differences between invasive breast cancer subtypes in this study

Toxicity of synthetic flavorings, nature identical and artificial, to hematopoietic tissue cells of rodents

Abstract The goal of this study was to analyze cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity to bone marrow cells of mice of nature identical synthetic flavorings, passion fruit and strawberry, and artificial synthetic flavorings, vanilla, chocolate, tutti-frutti and cookie, at doses 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 5.0 and 10.0 mL/kg. The additives were given to the animals by gavage in a single daily application for seven days. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post Tukeys post hoc test, p 0.05. Animals treated with 2.0; 5.0 and 10.0 mL/Kg of flavorings chocolate, strawberry and cookie, and 5.0 and 10.0 mL/Kg of flavorings vanilla and passion fruit died on the fifth and sixth day of the experiment, respectively. The doses 0.5 and 1.0 mL/Kg of the six additives significantly reduced erythropoiesis in the examined tissue. Also, treatments 0.5 and 1.0 mL/Kg of chocolate, and 1.0 mL/Kg of strawberry and biscuit induced the formation of micronuclei in the bone marrow erythrocytes, at a significant frequency. Therefore, under the study conditions, the six microingredients analyzed were cytotoxic and genotoxic, and additives strawberry, chocolate and cookie were also mutagenic in at least one of the evaluated doses.

Resumo Os aromatizantes são essenciais para a indústria na confecção de alimentos industrializados. Porém, pouco se sabe sobre o potencial tóxico desses microingredientes alimentares. Dessa forma, objetivou-se neste trabalho analisar, em células de medula óssea de camundongos, a citotoxicidade, genotoxicidade e mutagenicidade de aromatizantes alimentares sintéticos idênticos ao natural, de maracujá e morango, e artificiais, de baunilha, chocolate, tutti-frutti e biscoito, nas doses 0,5; 1,0; 2,0; 5,0 e 10,0 mL/Kg. Os aditivos foram administrados aos animais via gavagem em aplicação diária única durante sete dias. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos ao procedimento estatístico ANOVA com pós teste de Tukey, com p 0.05. Os animais tratados com 2,0; 5,0 e 10,0 mL/Kg dos aromatizantes de chocolate, morango e biscoito, e 5,0 e 10,0 mL/Kg dos aromatizantes de baunilha e maracujá vieram a óbito no quinto e sexto dia de experimento, respectivamente. As doses 0,5 e 1,0 mL/Kg dos seis aditivos reduziram significativamente a eritropoiese do tecido analisado. Ainda, os tratamentos 0,5 e 1,0 mL/kg de chocolate, e 1,0 mL/Kg de morango e biscoito induziram a formação de micronúcleos aos eritrócitos de medula em frequência significante. Portanto, nas condições de estudo estabelecidas, os seis microingredientes analisados foram citotóxico e genotóxicos, e os aditivos de morango, chocolate e biscoito também foram mutagênicos em pelo menos uma das doses avaliadas.