[Effect of whey protein concentrate edible coating and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil on the microbial, physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of fresh strawberries during storage]

Background and Aim: strawberry is a valuable product that has a relatively short storage life. Use of chemical fungicides to extend storage life has been a matter of concern. In recent years, use of edible coatings has been regarded as a safe method in order to replace synthetic coatings. The aim of this study was to increase the storage-life and maintain the quality of strawberry by using edible coatings of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil during a storage time of 10 days at 4 +/- 1 degree C and relative humidity of 75 +/- 5%

Materials and Methods: we extracted the essence of the seeds by Clevenger apparatus. Then, the active components of the essence were identified by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry [GC-MS] method. In this study we used edible coating of whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil at different concentrations [0.2, 0.4 and 0.6%].Microbial quality] number of molds and yeasts, total microbial count[, physicochemical characteristics [weight loss, acidity, pH, soluble solids, texture firmness, and decay] and organoleptic characteristics were assessed in the experimental group after packing, before storage [at the beginning of storage ] and then 3, 5, 8 and 10 days after storage and compared with those in the control group

Results: this coating significantly delayed the growth of microorganisms. By increasing concentrations of 0.4 and 0.6%, the mold and yeast counts after 10 days of storage reached zero and we found a logarithmical cycle reduction in the microbial load. As well texture firmness, weight loss, and decay percentage significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to those in the control group. On the 10th day, the decay rate was 86% for the control group and 10% for the case group containing 0.6% essential oil. Changes in PH, acidity and soluble solids were not significant. The best organoleptic properties were related to the priming with 0.2% essential oil, which also had a positive effect on the parameters in our study

Conclusion: strawberry fruit coating with whey protein concentrate and Trachyspermum copticum essential oil can be regarded as a safe and effective way to increase the storage life and quality of strawberry fruit in cold environments

[Comparison in of physical activity in fertile and infertile couples Kermanshah, Iran during 2013]

Background and aim: Infertility is a major reproductive health problem that affect 10%-15% of couples. According to the World Health Organization, there are currently 50-80 million infertile couples in the world. Physical activity is a life style factor with possible positive or negative effects on reproductive. The aim of this study was to compare the physical activity of fertile and infertile couples in Kermanshah, Iran during 2013

Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive comparative study. The case group consisted of 118 infertile couples attending Motazedi Infertility Center. One hundred and eight fertile couple attending to six public health centers in Kermanshah, Iran, were the controls. The sampling method was convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire. The questionnaire was consisted of two section. The first section was demographic and fertility characteristics and the second section was international physical activity questionnaire. The data is presented by descriptive statistics and analyzed with logistic regression, independent t-test, chi-square, and gamma tests using SPSS v16

Results:The result of this study showed that the majority of fertile women[86.1%], infertile women[73.1%], fertile men[87%] and infertile men[96.3%] had moderate level of physical activity. There was a significant difference between fertile and infertile men and women in terms of physical activity. The fertile and infertile couples, also, have significant difference in physical activity[P<0/05]

Conclusions: Given the importance of physical activity on reproductive health and significant difference of physical activity between fertile and infertile couples in this study, it seems that more attention should be paid to lifestyle behaviors, especially in infertile couples

[Effect of oral anti-thyroid therapy on bone density in premenopausal women with endogenous subclinical hyperthyroidism]

Subclinical endogenous hyperthyroidism is a fairly common disorder particularly in iodine deficient regions. There is controversy about adverse effects of this disorder on bone density in pre-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oral anti-thyroid therapy on bone density in pre-menopausal women with subclinical endogenous hyperthyroidism. This randomized clinical trial included 30 premenopausal women [age range between 19 and 50 years] who had subclinical endogenous hyperthyroidism for at least 6 months. Thyroid function tests were performed in Kurdistan nuclear medicine center. The participants were randomly divided into two equal groups. Fifteen patients remained euthyroid_for 1 year after receiving methimazole. Fifteen patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism were considered as control group and received no treatment for 1 year. Bone mineral density of the femoral neck and L2-L4 vertebrae were measured by DXA method at the beginning and 1 year after the study in both groups. The data were introduced into SPSS software and analyzed by X2 and t-tests. The risk factors for osteoporosis were not significantly different in both groups. Mean values for femoral neck and lumbar vertebral bone mineral density had decreased by 1.3% and 0.96% respectively in the treated group. But no statistically significant differences were detected before and after treatment [P value = 0.209 for femoral neck, P value = 0.432 for lumbar vertebrae]. In the control group, mean values of the femoral neck bone and lumbar vertebral mineral density had also decreased by 2.1% and 1.0%, respectively, which did not show any significant difference after one year [P value = 0.069 for femoral neck, P value = 0.363 for lumbar vertebrae]. Our findings showed that subclinical endogenous hyperthyroidism in premenopausal women in the short term had no adverse effect on bone density and treatment of this disorder with methimazole had no beneficial effect on bone mineral density in these patients

Pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women with abnormal glucose challenge test

Some studies have shown that pregnant women with abnormal glucose challenge test [GCT] and normal oral glucose challenge test [OGTT] have the chance of adverse pregnancy outcomes including macrosomia, pre-eclampsia and increase of cesarean section rate. This study was performed to determine the pregnancy outcomes in women with abnormal glucose challenge test. This case -control study was done on 60 pregnant women with abnormal GCT [more than 130 mg/dl] and normal OGTT and 67 pregnant women with normal GCT [less than 130 mg/dl] in Kermanshah, Iran during September 2010-March 2011. Delivery with Vacum, polyhydroamnus, pre-eclampsia pyelonephritis and low birth weight significantly was higher in cases than controls [P<0.05]. But there was a non significant difference in stillbirth, neonatal abnormality, neonatal respiratory distress and shoulder dystocia between case and control groups. Polyhydramnious, preeclampsia and pyelonephrities and low birth weight are more frequent in pregnant women with abnormal GCT and normal OGTT in compare to pregnant women with normal GCT

Migraine risk factors in Qashqai migrating nomads: an adjusted multiple correspondence analysis approach

To determine the migraine risk factors in Qashqai migrating nomads using an adjusted multiple correspondence analysis approach. In summer 2006, 750 Qashqai migrating nomads aged 25 years or older in Fars Province, Southern Iran were enrolled using a multiple-stage cluster random sampling. A questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, lifestyle and migraine diagnosis was used for each subject. The association of each risk factor was assessed using an adjusted multiple correspondence analysis. The prevalence of migraine was 18% in males and 28% in females. It was higher in overweight and obese subjects, those who consumed roasted foods, widows, female gender and in the age group of 35-50 years old. Multiple correspondence analyses were suitable choices to determine detailed results of complex categorical data in migraine risk factors

[Prevalence of overweight, obesity and underweight among high school students in Sanandaj: 2006-2007]

Childhood overweight and obesity, major public health concerns, show a drastically rising tread worldwide. Associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular and endocrine problems, overweight children are more likely to be overweight adults. This study was done to evaluate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and underweight among high school students in Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran. This study was performed in 2007 on 694 students from Sanandaj high schools. Socio-demographic information was collected using a questionnaire, completed during interviews. Weight and height were measured. Body mass index [BMI] was calculated and overweight/obesity was defined using age-and sex-specific BMI cut-off points, proposed by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Physical Status [World Health Organization, 1996]. Children with BMI-for-age at or above the 95th percentile, between 85 and 95th percentile and less than 5th percentile were considered as being obese, overweight and underweight respectively. Descriptive and analytical statistics were used to analyze the data. The average of BMI was 20.7 and prevalences of overweight, obesity and underweight were 11.2, 3.2 and 7.6% respectively. Levels of overweight/obesity [14.4%] differed significantly between boys [18.2%] and girls [10.7%]. The highest percentage of overweight/obesity [20%] was found among 14-years olds. Boys showed a consistent decrease in overweight/obesity with increasing age, a trend not demonstrated in girls. Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight/obesity among high school students in Sanandaj is near national averages for adolescents. Overweight/obesity were observed more in boys than in girls. As a group, girls demonstrate a lower prevalence of obesity [1.1%] when compared to national averages. Based on the results of this study, 22 percent of the high school students in Sanandaj have inappropriate weight, which calls for appropriate intervention programs

[Investigation of the incidence rate of menstrual disorders in 17 and 18 year old high school female students in Sanandaj city in 2005]

Menstrual disorders cause a lot of problems for the women. Sometimes diagnosis and treatment of these problems seems very sophisticated. Early diagnosis and treatment of menstrual disorders together with its clinical complications, recognition of their underlying causes and their relation with one another, are essential for treatment of these disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of menstrual disorders and some of its potential causes in 17 and 18 year old high school female students in Sanandaj in 2005. This was a descriptive-analytic cross sectional study and included 511 high school female students at the age of 17 and 18 years. After obtaining primary information, in case of any menstrual disorder, the subjects were referred to a gynecologist for confirmation of the diagnosis. After confirmation of diagnosis sonographic and hormonal studies were performed. Using SPSS software, the data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and x[2] test. The incidence of menstrual disorders in the study population was 43.25%. Hypermenorrhea was the most and hypomenorrhea was the least common disorders [13.9% and 3.13% respectively]. Polymenorrhea was detected in 13.31% of the cases. The incidence rates of dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome [PMS], and spotting were 78.1%, 72.4% and 8.2% respectively. Menstrual disorders and its symptoms showed no significant relationship with presence of any evidence of PCO in sonoghraphy [P>0.05]. High incidence of menstrual disorders in high school students should be taken into consideration and necessary instructions should be given to these students to decrease their stress. In case of persistence of the menstrual disorder, hormonal and sonographic examinations should be performed to detect the underlying cause of menstrual disorder

[Evaluation of malnutrition prevalence and its related factors in primary school students in Kurdistan province]

Children are vulnerable because of their special age characteristics. Investigation of nutritional status of students can lead to design appropriate plans on teaching and hygienic programs. Correct nutrition is an important factor influencing learning ability, development of the educational growth, improvement of teaching, leading to increased investment on education and national profit. The aim of this study was to use anthropometric techniques for assessment of nutritional status in primary school students in Kurdistan Province, Iran. This was a descriptive- analytic cross-sectional study and included 1100 students selected by cluster sampling. Indices measured in this study were weight for age [W/A], weight for height [W/H], and height for age [H/A] and were compared to indices of NCHS standards. Based on the view of Ministry of Education, Kurdistan Province was divided into three parts; affluent, semi affluent and less affluent area. Some data were collected by interviewing students and their parents or obtained from their health records. Epi-info 2000 and SPSS were used for data processing. X2 and ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. According to the results of this study, the prevalence rates of malnutrition were 27.5, 32.3, and 36.9 percent of indices of W/A, W/H, and H/A respectively. There was a significant relationship between the mothers' occupations and chronic malnutrition [H/A], and also W/H [p<0.01]. There was a significant relationship between the parents education level and H/A, and W/H [p<0.01]. A significant relationship was noticed between weekly consumption of meat and chronic consumption of cheese and milk and chronic malnutrition [p<0.01]. The study showed a significant relationship between consumption of soft drinks and chronic malnutrition [p<0.01], and a significant relationship between consumption of confectioneries and W/H [p<0.01]. The prevalence rate of malnutrition in the primary school students in Kurdistan province was higher than those of other countries, but it is more desirable than those of some of other provinces of Iran

[ study of the effect of sour orange on reduction clinical symptoms of BPH]

The prevalence of BPH among 5-10 year old men is about 50% and it reaches 90% in 80 year old ones. The use of the components of citrus fruits containing a group of vitamines [specially C], flavonoid and a type of polysaccharides as pectin which are effective in treatment of hyperplasia, allergy and viral infection. This is a clinical-trial study conducted on two groups, each with 30 samples [patients drinking 60 ml sour orange Juice/daily and those administering 1 prozacin tablet daily as used in classical treatment]. Convenient sampling was performed for selection of patients in both groups. From the patients refering to the specialty clinic in Jahrom. The data were collected through a checklist consisting of two part of demographic information and AUA which measures the severity of prostatic symptoms. SPSS software was used to analyzed data. Comparison of the AUA mean scores before and after having sour orange juice revealed that the difference was significant [before: 25.833 +/- 0.823, after: 2.833 +/- 0.248, p=0.000] However, the same comparison for the control groups mean scores before and after taking the above mentioned tablet revealed a non-significant difference [before: 26.666 +/- 0.717, after: 26.666 +/- 0.723, p=1.000]. comparison of AUA mean scores of the case and control groups revealed that the difference was statistically significant [case group: 2.833 +/- 0.248 and control group: 26.666 +/- 0.723, p=0.000] Considering the finding of this study, citrus fruit can be effective in reducing the symptoms of prostate hypertorophy

[Comparison of the effect of breath training and lower extremity aerobic exercise on pulmonary ventilation and maximal oxygen consumption of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease deals with both emphysema and chronic bronchitis and is the fourth leading cause of death in females and fifth in males. These patients often are treated with chemical drugs which are costly and have different side effects. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of two ways of' pulmonary rehabilitation including breath training and lower extremity aerobic exercise on breed expiratory volume in the first second [FEV1] and maximal oxygen consumption [VO2 max] of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD]. This study is a randomized experimental controlled clinical trial and included 58 patients. 20 patients in breath training group, 20 in aerobic exercise group and the remaining 18 cases in control group. The study took 8 weeks to be completed and the collected data were analyzed by means of paired t-test, ANOVA, post hoc LSD. In this study post intervention comparison of the mean values of FEV1 and max between the patients in the breath training group and control group showed no significant difference, but a significant difference was noticed between the mean values of FEV1 [p<0.01] and VO2 max [p<0.001] in the lower extremity aerobic exercise group and the control group. The mean values of FEV1 and VO2 max revealed no significant difference before the beginning and after the end of this study. In pulmonary rehabilitation of the patients with COPD, lower extremity aerobic exercise is more effective than breath training in the improvement of FEV1 and VO2 max

[Daily living activities of the elderly in nursing homes]

Aging is inevitable, starts gradually as the last stage of development in all people leading to alterations in body compounds and decreased efficiency of organs and affects on physical ability at different levels. Deterioration of physical abilities and its resultant limitations reduces the independence of the elderly and increases their reliance on others. WHO reports suggest that inactivity or immobility in living is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This descriptive study was conducted to assess physical activities of the elderly and identify their problems and needs in nursing homes of Sanandaj. A healthcare plan was then developed according to their needs. 88 elders [over 65] from 2 governmental and private nursing homes took part in the study. A questionnaire [Independence in Daily Living Activities] developed in 2006 with 20 items describing all daily physical activities was used for data collection. It was completed by observation and interview. It divides independence into 2 levels and a 5-point Likert scale [from 0 to 4 points] including absolutely independent, relatively independent, relatively dependent, absolutely dependent, and inactive because of nonphysical problems is used for scoring. The scores range between 20 and 80 or less. 51% of the elderly was male, 56% between 65 and 75, 88% illiterate, 61% from other towns and 42% resided at nursing homes less than 3 years. 6 [6.82%], 51 [57.95%], 26 [29.55%] and 5 [5.68%] elders were absolutely independent, relatively independent, relatively dependent and absolutely dependent respectively. The last group needed constant care for all of their daily activities. Being in nursing homes requires daily activities and some tasks for self-care. Activities of the elderly for mobility and self-dependence help maintain their health but inactivity can increase their need to carers and assisting or ambulatory devices. The importance of activity limitations is revealed when their physical mobility is assessed by an appropriate tool to provide a criterion for predicting as well as planning health care services and, finally, for their self-care and health promotion. The tool applied in this study is recommended

[ Study on the nurse's attitude about their professional rules and legal responsibilities in Jahrom hospitals]

Nursing is a job based on ethical and legal commiments. One of the most significant resposibilities of every nurse is to know the rules and regulations of his/her job. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine, the nursing personnel attitude about their professional rules and responsibilities in jahrom hospitals.The data were collected by a two-part questionnaire. The first part contained demographic data and the second part contained 50 questions, 40 of which were about professional rules and regulations [part one], 7 questions about nursing duties [part two] and 3 about commiting professional crimes [part 3]. The samples involved all of personnel in 2 hospitals [271]. Finally 167 questionnaires were analyzed by SPSS software The percent of the answers to each question was also determined. The findings shawed that 60% of the participants were from Ostad Motahari hospital [O.M.H] and 40% from paymanieh hospital [P.H]. The Mean ago of the samples in [O.M.H] was 33.5 and in P.H was 29. Also the mean range of job time in O.M.H was 11.5 and in P.H was 7.5. 65.3% of personnel had B.S nursing degree and 23.4% were auxiliary nurses. The mean rank of the questionnaire was 25. The mean rank of the knowledge in 2 hospitals was 37.52. In O.M.H it was 36.88 and in P.H, 38.48% there was a significant difference between the mean rank of knowledge in P.H [M=29.44 SD +/- 3.14] and in O.M.H [M=28.03 SD +/- 2.29] in part one [p =7000]. However, there were no sighificant difference between the mean rank of knowledge and age, education, marriage job time and type of responsibility. Assessment of the answeres to the questions revealed that the knowledge of 135 [80.8%] personnel about taking oral consent and 95[56.9%] about the consent of a patiem. seeking help or nursing care over the phone, and 101[60.5%] about finding one of the parents and taking the consent before doing any relatively urgent treatment for their children was poor. Also 133 nurses [79.6%] didn't agree damage to the patients due to the negligenle of health care providers, 72[43.1%] said that if work problems occurred in their workplaces, they didn't know where and to which cowst of law to reffer to and 133 [79.6%] said that if there were some professional problems they wouldn't have been supported by their employers. The results showed that the mean rank of knowledge in three parts was higher than the mean rank of the best but in part one the mean rank of knowledge in P.H was higher than O.M.H. probably one reason is that there are more B.S nursing graduates that work in P.H and pass the nursing ethics course. The knowledge of personnel about some important, rules was poor, so the nurses must be educated about some professional rules and the course of nursing law must be added to nursing curriculum. Also by preparing notebooks and in service education, the knowledge of the personnel must be educated

Assessment of correlation of 4 hour and 24 hour urine protein in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders

This study was designed to determine the presence of any correlation between 4-hour and 24-hour urine protein values in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders in Besat Hospital, in Sanandaj in 1383. This was a cross-sectional study and included 58 inpatient pregnant women who had been initially diagnosed as having hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Urine samples were collected in 2 successive periods. The first 4 hour and the next 20-hour urine samples were collected in separate containers. The urine volume, urine protein and creatinine concentration of the 4-hour and 24-hour samples were separately measured and the correlation between both urine samples was determined by Pearson's Correlation Method. A total of 58 patients were entered into this study, 42 of them with no proteinuria and 16 with mild proteinuria. The value for the 4-hour urine protein was found to correlate with those of the 24-hour samples [R=0.821] in patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Also sensitivity and specifity of 4-hour urine test were 70.6% and 90.2% respectively. Total protein values of 4-hour urine samples correlated well with those of 24-hour urine samples [p<0.001] of the patients with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy

effect of a 6 month treatment course of male healthy rats by chlorpropamide and glibenclamide on vascular tone of aorta

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disorder with an ever-increasing prevalence. Cardiovascular complications are the major cause of death in diabetic patients. Type II diabetes mellitus is usually treated by sulfonylureas. There are controversial reports regarding cardiovascular side effects of these drugs. Conflicting evidences exist about side effects of the first and second-generation sulfonylureas. In this study, the vascular effects of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide [first and second generations of sulfonylureas respectively] were investigated in healthy male rats. Male rats were treated by the above-mentioned drugs for six months and the response of aortic rings to acetylcholine, isosorbide dinitrate and phenylephrine were studied and compared to normal control group. Data were analyzed by means of ANOVA test. There was no significant difference between the response of aortic rings of treated and control group to acetylcholine, isosorbide dinitrate and phenylepherine. Sulfonylureas through closing ATP dependent potassium channels, which exist in beta-cells of pancreas and other organs such as heart and vascular smooth muscles may affect the vascular tone. Based on the results of this study long term oral consumption of chlorpropamide and glibenclamide in normal rats did not affect aortic contractile property. Further studies are needed to clarify the vascular effects of sulfonylureas

Acne vulgaris: a comparison of therapeutic effects of zinc sulfate v.s tetracycline

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common skin problems and affects nearly all adolescents and adults at some time in their lives. Different antibiotics have been used for the treatment of acne vulgaris. In our study the therapeutic effects of zinc versus tetracycline, in the treatment of acne vulgaris was evaluated. In this clinical trial study 82 acne patients, after registration of their characteristics and physical examination, were divided into two groups based on block randomization method. Zinc sulfate with a daily dose of 220 mg [equivalent to 50 mg elemental zinc] and tetracycline hydrochloride with a daily dose of one grams [250 mg every six hours] were prescribed for the intervention and control group respectively, for 12 weeks. Chi-square and T test were used for the analysis of the results. There were no significant relationship between the two groups, concerning clinical symptoms and serum zinc level. Also after three months of therapy, the rate of improvement in the two groups was rate of improvement in the two groups statistically was similar. Zinc seems to be as effective as tetracycline in the treatment of acne vulgaris

Prevalence and Causes of stick injuries, in medical personnels of Kurdistan University's hospitals and dealing with such injuries due to contaminated sharp tools in 1383

Needle stick injuries can cause transmission of 3 important blood viruses [HCV-HBV-HIV] to health care personnel. Generally these injuries inflict loss of life and property on the health care personnel, so that the medical associations of different industrial countries have scheduled important plans in order to take care of patients, provide personnel education and guarantee the health of physicians and medical staff. Considering the prevalence rate of blood-borne diseases in African and Asian countries, as well as our country, it is important to scrutinize the reasons and prevalence rate of these injuries to take proper preventive measures. This study was conducted with the aim of determination of the prevalence rate of needle stick injuries in the personnel of health care centers of Kurdistan's medical university. This descriptive-Analytic study was conducted in the university's hospitals. A questionnaire including necessary information was designed and sent to the personnel of the hospitals. The sampling method was census. 847 individuals filled out the questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed by means of SPSS statistical software. The findings of this study showed that the majority [73.7%] of the subjects were female. The mean age was [36.1 +/- 7.07] years old. Most of the subjects had the bachelor degree [47.9%]; [74.5%] of them were nurses, 5.5% midwives, 3.3% anesthetists, 7.7% personnels of the laboratory and 9% were the radiology staff. About 57.5% of the subjects had experienced splashing of blood or secretions into their mouth or eyes. In most cases, needles and angiocatheters were responsible for injuries in 43.77% and 35.3% of the cases respectively. According to the staffs opinion the most important predisposing factors included haste and being inundated with work. There was a significant difference between professions and needle stick injuries [p<0.05]. Prevention of needle stick injuries should be regarded a priority. Providing safe medical equipments regardless of their costs, in addition to necessary education for health care staff, should be taken into consideration. Special centers for treatment and follow up of the injured personnel should be allocated

Survey of the nutritional regimen of the female students in Kurdistan University of medical sciences regarding energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake in the second half of 1384

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional regimen and habits of the students in the fasting month of Ramadan and usual days together with obtained energy and macro/micro nutrients intake. This was a cross-sectional descriptive-analytic study. Every group included 60 female students who had been assigned randomly in three positions of home, dormitory and the fasting month of Ramadan. The groups received the 24 hr diet recall questionnaires in order to fill them out in 3 above mentioned positions. Finally 174 questionnaires were evaluated. Using descriptive and comprehensive statistic formulae, the data were analyzed by means of SPSS win software. The results of this study showed that the mean values for daily energy, unsaturated fatty acids, cholesterol and protein intake were 2258 +/- 823 Kcal 71.38, 7.26, 263.93 mg and 84.9 gm respectively. Also intake of some nutrients and vitamins like calcium, zinc and folic acid were less than normal. The comparison of the food intake by students in home, dormitory and Ramadan month showed that the students had received more nutriments at home so that in some instances such as cholesterol and fat intake significant differences were detected [p<0.05]. Considering the results of this study, it is necessary to add vegetables, fruits and dairy products to the nutritional regimen of the students

[Calcium intake and bone mineral densitomery in patient referring to Shiraz bone densitometry center [2003]]

Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by low bone mass and deterioration [BMD] of bone tissue. This leads to increased bone fragility and risk of fracture, particularly of the hip, spine and wrist.This study was performed to assess the relation between calcium intake and bone densitometry values.This was a descriptive study to verify the relation between BMD and calcium intake. The study was carried out on 250 women who did not have the history of any metabolic diseases or estroidalintake wereenroled in this study. The individuals were matched for sex, age, BMI and hormonal intake. Data were obtained using a two part questionaire containing demographic information and a table of consumed daily food including the amount of daily calcium intake. The optimal calcium intake 1200 mg/day and in bone mineral densitometry, t score <1SD was considered as osteopenia and t score <2/5 SD was defined as osteoporosis. Data were analysed by chisquare test, Mann-Witney and Kruskal-Wallis test.Although most of patients were in post menopausal stage [56.4%] but daily calcium intake of 89.3% of them was lower than 1200 mg. Positive significant relation between daily calcium intake and education was obtained [p=0.02], wheras, in housewife womens, there were low calcium product in daily dietary intake. There was a significant realation between bone density values of hip and lumboscral area and the daily calcium intake [p<0.05].Acording to the results of this research and due to the effects of calcium effects intake on bone density and prevention of osteoporosis in elderly stage, we suggest wide teaching and information in general papulation with aim of improving dietry calcium

Study of physical, spiritual, and social stress-related symptoms in nurses and midwiferies working at Educational and Theraputic centers affiliated to Jahrom Medical School 1383

Nursing is a stressful occupation. Stress has many effects on health and well-being of nurses. The experience of work-related stress generally quality of nurse-working lives, increases minor psychiatric detracts from the morbidity and may contribute to some forms of physical and social illness. The aim of this study was to determine physical, spiritual, and social stress-related symptoms in health care providers working at Jahrom hospitals. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted to determine the physical, spiritual, and social stress-related symptoms in nurses and midwiferies. The sample consisted of 246 Nurses, Midwifers, Technicians, and diploma holders among nursing personnel. Data were collected by a two part questionnaire which assessed demographic and 55 questions about stress-related symptoms. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Physical stress related symptoms were [5.461+4.09], spiritual stress-related symptoms were [2.200+2.2] and social stress-related symptoms were [2.373+2.343]. The highest level of stress related symptoms were observed among the members faculty who worked 4-6 shift per week, worked in screen ward, the surgical, medical, operating, and obstetric wards, there were higher level of symptom in married than singles, in women rather than men, and in young faculty rather than the older. The omst sommon findings of physical stress test were sleep disorders [74%], spiritual stress fear of death [44,5%], and social stresses was lack of true understanding about their family. The results of this study indicate that there are many type of stress-related symptoms in nurses. Therefore appropriate interventions are demanded for recognition and applying measures to prevent, control, and decrease stresses are ecumenical Using the methods of reducing stress will improve the attitude of nurses to wards their jobs and will reduce the illnesses and absences from their works and will increase the quality of patient care