[Acute necrotizing encephalopathy childhood: a case report]

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy [ANEC] is a rare illness with high incidence in East Asia. It is accompanied with respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infections, and high fever with quick impaired consciousness, and convulsion. In this case report, Turkmen 6 month's girl that was introduced after an infection with no disease or clinical abnormalities. She was vaccinated accordingly; initially she had fever with generalized tonic-clonic convulsion [seizures] for 5 to 10 minutes level of consciousness decreased later on. She was transferred to Talghani Medicat Education center in nortern Iran. At the time of admition her vital signs were as below: RR: 30, GCS: 8-9, RP: 110, BP: 90/80. In the patient's history, there was neither Trauma history, nor food or drug poisoning, also no clinical history. After convulsion, the level of consciousness decreased and serum biochemistry showed normal electrolytes concentration. In further follow - up, AST increased to 98 units, ALT to 58 units, and ammonium to 215 units. In CSF Sample, protein level increased to 330 units, without any avidences of pleocytosis, blood, or Serum glucose drop. In CT without contract, hypodensity the cornea in thalamus and caudate cores were seen in 2 sides. The ventricles were normal and there were no signs of bleeding and pressure. In brain M.R.I, abnormal signal in 2 sides, blood samples cultivation, CSF, and testing urine for bacterial infection were negative. The patient was diagnosed with necrotizing encephalopathy and subsequently was treated with metyle prednisolone [20 mg daily]. During hospitalization, level of consciousness increased and fever stopped. There was not recurrence of convulsion, but the patients still had some problems in moving, verbal and communication

[Effects of standardized extract of ginseng [G115] on biomarkers of systemic low-grade inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind clinical trial]

Systemic Inflammation plays a crutal play in the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with Type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of standardized extract of ginseng [G115] in Biomarkers of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation in patients with Type 2 diabetes. This randomized, double-blind trial was performed on 40 patients with type 2 diabetes [28 females and 12 males] were randomly assigned to two groups. Group one were given 300 mg [3×100 mg capsules] standardized extract of ginseng, while group 2 took placebos. After eight weeks, anthropometric indices, glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c], interleukin 6 [IL6], tumor necrosis factor [TNFalpha] and high sensitive C- Reactive Protein [hsCRP] were studied. In the present study, no significant differences were observed in anthropometric indices, glycated hemoglobin and TNFalpha in the intervention and placebo groups before and after intervention. At the end of the study, a significant reduction was observed in IL6 [8.43 +/- 1.17 vs. 6.79 +/- 1.39 ng/L] and hsCRP [3.61 +/- 0.49 vs. 3.03 +/- 0.33 mg/dL] in the treatment group. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in IL6 [6.79 +/- 1.39 vs. 7.85 +/- 0.69 ng/L] and hsCRP [3.03 +/- 0.33 vs. 3.49 +/- 0.39 mg/dL] between the intervention and placebo groups at the end of the study. Administration of standardized ginseng extract for eight weeks caused reductions in IL6 and hsCRP in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, administration of standardized extract of ginseng may play an effective role in the management of these patients

effects of herbal plants on Mucin 2 gene expression and performance in ascetic broilers

The mucus layer plays an important role as an intermediate for the protection of the gut against acidic chyme, digestive enzymes, and pathogens; in addition, it acts as a lubricant and facilitator of nutrient transportation. Phytogenic compounds seem to promote intestinal mucus production. The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of low and high levels of energy and amino acids in combination with turmeric, thyme, and cinnamon on chicken performance and expression of mucin 2 gene. The eight experimental groups consisted of diluted and condensed diet with and without the addition of 5g/kg of each turmeric, thyme, and cinnamon to the diet. Chicken performance was recorded. Expression analysis of the mucin 2 gene was carried out by quantitative RT-PCR. Body weight gain, feed intake, FCR, and mortality rate were not affected by diets [p>0.05]. A significant [p<0.05] reduction of the mucin 2 gene expression was observed in chickens fed by condensed diet; however, the expression increased by supplementation of turmeric, thyme, and cinnamon. These results, in addition to the function of herbs in increasing the activity of some enzymes which is possibly related to the mucin biological pathways, showed that the application of turmeric, thyme, and cinnamon could be useful in poultry diets. It appears that supplementation of turmeric, thyme, and cinnamon could increase mucin 2 gene expression in the small intestine, and this can improve intestinal digestive function and defense

Reproductive effects of dietary soy phytoestrogens, genistein and equol on farmed female beluga, Huso huso

In this study, 54 five-year-old farmed female beluga at stage II of sexual maturation were treated with 0 [control], 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 and 1.6 g of dietary soy equol [EQ] and genistein [GE] per each kilogram [kg] of diet during a year. Blood samples were collected and ovarian biopsy was performed quarterly. Results showed that 64.4% of the Huso huso sexually matured at EQ 0.4 g/kg and reached stage IV of sexual maturation. Oocytes diameters increased significantly at all concentrations of EQ and 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 concentrations of GE and reached a maximum [3 +/- 0.2 mm] at 0.4 g/kg EQ concentration at the end of experiment [P<0.05]. Blood plasma testosterone [T] level was 0.3 +/- 0.06 ng/ml at the beginning and reached a maximum [21.04 +/- 1.91 ng/ml] at EQ 0.4 g/kg at the end of the experiment [P<0.05]. 17a-estradiol [E2] levels increased significantly at some concentrations of GE and EQ at the end as compared to the beginning, reaching a maximum [12.6 +/- 1.04 ng/ml] at EQ 0.4 g/kg at the end of the experiment [P<0.05]. 17- hydroxy progesterone [17á-OHP] levels showed no significant difference [P>0.05]. In conclusion, EQ at a 0.4 g/kg concentration showed more powerful positive reproductive effects than other concentrations of EQ and GE in farmed female H. huso. Comparatively, EQ showed more estrogenic effects on ovary development in comparison to GE concentrations. Its use is therefore suggested as an additive to diets to induce ovary development in Huso huso

[ relationship between caregiver burden with coping strategies in Family caregivers of cancer patients]

Cancer is one of the most common chronic diseases whose caregivers are confronted with related problems to caring and treating the cancer patients. Caregiver burden, which is resulted from the negative impact of living with the cancer patient along with inappropriate use of coping strategies, which could lead to rejection diagnosis, can be accounted as the reasons of why the treatment and health would be impaired. The present study was aimed to determine the relationship between caregiver burden and coping strategies of caregivers of cancer patients. In this cross-sectional study, 133 caregivers of cancer patients who referred to Gorgon's 5[th] Azar Educative and Therapeutic Center were selected via Census sampling method. Data were gathered by three-part questionnaire, including demographics checklist, caregiver burden and coping strategies questionnaire. In order to analyze the collected data, SPSS V. 16 software with descriptive statistics was applied; also, the analysis of variance and logistic regression were conducted. In addition, statistical significance was defined as p< 0.05. Findings showed that mean and standard deviation of caregivers' age was 35.73 +/- 14.31. And, 50.4% of all the participants were male. Based on the results taken from multivariate model of logistic regression, high care demand [OR=0.403,%95 CI: 0.227 - 0.714] and higher rate of emotional coping strategies use [OR=1.09,%95CI: 1.04 - 1.15] have significant correlation with caregiver burden. Based on our findings, the using of emotion-focused coping strategies among caregivers and caring needs of patient, lead to increase care burden, therefore beside of patient empowerment, could be educated efficient coping strategies for caregiver's burden reduction

[ effect of foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy]

The goal of this study was to determine the effect of foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection on spasticity in children with cerebral palsy. This study was a randomized clinical trial performed as a pre-post, double blind study. It was performed on 25 children with hemiplegia and diplegia [2-8 years] in Tehran city, who were referred to valiasr rehabilitation foundation. Participants were chosen by simple randomized sampling and were matched for age, Gross Motor Function Classification System [GMFCS] and type. They were randomly divided into two groups. The first group [n=13] underwent BTX-A injection alone and the second group [n=12] had BTX-A injection and foot serial casting after the injection. Clinical assessments were done using the GMFCS and Modified Ashworth Scale before and at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the interventions. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test and mann-whitney U. Comparison of two groups in regard to the right and left knee spasticity at, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after injection showed no significant difference in comparison to those before interventions. Furthermore, comparison of right and left ankle spasticity before injection with that at 1, and 3 months follow ups did not show statistically significant difference, but significant differences were found when compared with 6 and 12 month follow-ups [P<0.05] It seems, one of the proper approaches to reduce spasticity in children with cerebral palsy is foot serial casting along with botulinum toxin type-A injection and it can decrease the muscle tone when applied more than six months

[Effect of combination of achillea millefolium, artemisia absinthium and juglans regia leaves extracts on leishmania major [MRHO/IR/75/ER], in vitro]

Due to side effects of the drug and also tendency of people in using herbal medicine, this study aimed to evaluate the sinerjhist effects of three herbs Achillea millefolium, Artemisia absinthium and Juglans regia leaf combained extract on Leishmania major, so that in case of effectiveness in further studies possible alternative drugs can be formulated. Access to formulation drug without harmful chemical material and without side effects. In an experimental study four tubes were selected and the mixture of three herbs leaf extracts with concentrations of 25 mg/ml were prepared. After 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours sample were tested for dead or alive and also for their mobility of the parasite. Data were analyzed by ANOVA test. This study showed that combaind extracts of these three herbs caused an increase in immobility of the parasites. The rate of immobility had direct relationship with time and immobility was continuously increased after 24, 48 and 72 hours. The result were suggestive that three herbs leaf hydroalcoholic extracts were significantly more effective in reduction of parasite, in vitro [p<0.05]; however, Glucantime after 24 hours and amphotericin B after 30 minute caused immobility of parasite versus 24 hour for plant extract. Our study showed that the extracts of three mentioned herbs had effect on growth of Leishmania major, however further studies are needed to show effects of these herbs in animal models and voluntary infected people

[ effect of vitamin C on growth performance, survival rate, hematological parameters and response to heat stress in rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss]]

Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for teleost fish. It plays vital role in immune system function. A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary vitamin C supplement on growth performance, hematological indicators and response to heat stress in rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss] fingerlings kept at different densities. The fingerlings [initial weight of 2.1 +/- 0.1] were reared in triplicate groups in fiberglass tanks at two different densities [400 and 600 /m[2]]. The fish were fed with four experimental diets containing different levels of vitamin C [0, 100, 200 and 1000 mg vitamin C /kg diet] for 9 weeks. To evaluate the effect of heat stress on survival, fish were exposed to different temperatures [24, 26 and 28 °C] at the end of feeding experiment. Growth performance in fish which fed diets containing different levels of vitamin C [100, 200 and 1000 mg /kg diet] was significantly [p<0.05] higher than those fed diet without vitamin C supplement. In terms of hematological indicators, it was shown that different levels of vitamin C significantly [p<0.05] effected the hematocrit, hemoglobin and red blood cell [RBC] count. However, it did not make any effect on the MCH and MCHC values. On the other hand, stocking density only had significant effect on RBC count. Survival of fish which fed diets containing different levels of vitamin C was significantly [p<0.05] higher than those fed diet without vitamin C in response to heat stress

[Comparing the effect of propofol-alfentanil with ketamine-alfentanil on endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation]

Endotracheal intubation is an essential and important procedure. However, in some conditions such as the presence of difficult intubation, there are some limitations for endotracheal intubation with muscle relaxation. To compare the effect of propofol-alfentanil with ketamine-alfentanil on endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation. This was a double-blind clinical trial carried out on 60 patients aged between 18-50 years old. The patients were within the ASA class I-II of anesthesia chosen for elective surgery at Shahid Rajaei Hospital in Qazvin, Iran. The participants were randomly divided into 2 equal groups. For endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation, one group received propofol-alfentanil and another group ketamine-alfentanil. Changes in hemodynamic parameters [heart rate and blood pressure] and physical findings [vocal cord position, jaw relaxation, ability of mask ventilation, and reaction to endotracheal intubation] were compared between two groups. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using statistical tests including t-test and Chi-square test. Regarding the hemodynamic parameters, there was significant difference between two groups so that in ketamine group the hemodynamic conditions were more stable than in propofol group [P<0.05]. With respect to the physical findings, 93.3% of patients in propofol group were in excellent class and 6.7% in good class whereas in ketamine group 40% were in excellent class, 33.3% in good class, and 26.7% in poor class. Statistically, there was significant difference between two groups [P<0.05]. According to our findings, it seems that the propofol-alfentanil to produce better conditions than the ketamine-alfentanil when performing endotracheal intubation without muscle relaxation

Extremely low frequency magnetic flux densities measured near hospital in Tehran

The ever increasing rate of power consumption has led to an increase in public exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields [ELF-MFs] and brought severe concerns about their health effects. Considering previous studies and the facts about potential health effects of these fields, the present study aimed to evaluate the ELF-MF flux densities from power distribution lines near hospitals in Tehran. ELF-MF measurements were performed according to IEEE standard procedures-Std 644-1994 near the hospitals entrances using HI-3604 Power Frequency Field Strength Measurement System during three different time periods [i.e. 12-3 AM, 9-12 AM, 6-9 PM]. The results were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA Test. Mean, minimum, and maximum values of ELF-MF flux densities were 0.165 +/- 0.08 microT, 0.018 microT, 0.52 microT, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in ELF-MF flux densities neither among different hospital groups nor among different time periods. The ELF-MF flux densities from power distribution lines around Tehran hospitals were much less than the standards values, implying that it can be considered only in epidemiological studies. In fact, in the case of powerful sources, magnetic field intensity is declined rapidly by distance and is limited to a few meters around the sources. This subject is considered as one of the main reasons for contradictory results in previous studies. Results of the present study can be used as a part of hospital patients' exposure to quantify the total exposure levels of patients as a critical and sensitive group in Tehran hospitals

impacts of hinged and solid afos on standing and walking functions in 4-8 year old children with spastic cerebral palsy

Standing and walking are the most common activities of people on a daily basis. In children with cerebral palsy [CP], lesion in central nervous system could cause impairment in these functions. One way to improve their standing and walking functions is the use of Ankle Foot Orthoses [AFOs]. This study was performed to compare the effects of hinged and solid AFOs on standing and walking functions in 4-8 year old children with CP spastic. This quasi-experimental and interventional study was performed on 30 children [4-8 years old] with CP spastic in vali-Asr rehabilitation foundation of Tehran. Children were divided into 3 groups [often children each group] randomly; groupe 1 received hinged AFO, groupe 2 solid AFO, and group 3 [control group] received no AFOs for 3 months. Standing and walking functions were evaluated by Gross Motor Function Measure-88. There were significant differences in standing and walking functions after intervention in the 3 groups [p=0.005]. There were also significant differences between the 3 groups in terms of mean differences of total scores before and after the intervention [p= 0.015]. There were significant differences between the two groups hinged AFO and solid AFO and between hinged AFO group and control group, [p= 0.000], but between the two groups, solid AFO and control, there was no differences. Hinged AFO showed more improvement in standing and walking functions among children with CP spastic, and could be recommended for children with CP, especially, for those who could stand up or walk with or without assistive devices

[Coronary arteries angiography findings of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran [2008-09]]

Cardiovascular diseases is the first cause of mortality in developed and developing countries. This study was done to determine findings of coronary arteries angiography of subjects referring to Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Iran. In this descriptive study 5444 patients whome referred to the Kosar angiography center in Golestan province, Northern Iran undervent in this study during 2008-09. Gender, age, ethnicity, body mass index [BMI], cigarette smoking, opium, hypertension and coronary arteries angiography findings were completed for each subjects. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Data was analyzed by using SPSS-13, ANOVA, Chi-Square and Kruskal-Wallis tests. In this study 52% of subjects were men. 72% of patients were Native Fars. 49.5% of subjects were found to be illiterate. While 92.6% of clients did not reported any history of smoking, 22.5% of subjects were addicted to different opium. The mean BMI was 27.48 and 38.2% of clients reported a history of hypertension. Coronary arteries angiography was performed on 5400 of subjects. Coronary arteries disorders were determined in 3142 of subjects [58.8% males, 41.2% females]. Left anterior descending, right coronary artery, circumflex and obtuse marginal were the most involved coronary arterial branches in positive angiograms, respectively.The most severe failure [47.7%] has been found in left anterior descending artery. Due to high incidence of coronary arteries disease in this region of Iran, it is suggested to design a project to investigate the preventive mearsures of cardiovascular disorders

Determination of seroprevalence rate of Toxocara canis in 6-15 years aged rural and urban school children in Ahvaz, Iran

Toxocariasis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the acaridae of dogs and rarely cats. Seroprevalance of toxocariasis vary with geographic regions. In this study, the sera of school children aged between 6 to 15 years were examined for the presence of anti T.canis antibodies. In this descriptive cross-sectional study the sera of 203 randomly selected school children aged between 6 to 15 years from urban and rural regions in Ahvaz, south western of Iran from 2007 to2008 was examined by means of ELISA with excretory-secretary antigen of infectious larva stage. CBC was performed for the presence of eosinophilia or hypereosinophilia. A short questionnaire was fulfilled to obtain data of age, sex, history of pica, contact with dogs and living area [urban or rural]. Of total 203 students 90 [44.3%]were female and 113 [55.7%] were male. 86 [42.9%] were rural and 114 [57.1%] were urban, 67 [33%] had contact with dogs,35 [17%] had history of recent cough,5 [2.5%] had pica, on had hypereosinophilia but 21 [10.3%] had eosinophlia, 4 [2%] had positive ELISA for T.canis IgG, of them one was male and three were female, two were urban and two were rural, non had history of contact with dogs, pica, chronic cough or asthma, and also non had hypereosinophilia but all had eosinophilia. Our study showed that toxocariasis is present in the school children of Ahvaz, but it is lower than was expected and also lower than similar tropical regions

effect of treadmill running on plasma and muscle agouti-related protein [AGRP] concentration in male rats

Appetite regulation is one of the most important issues in exercise physiology. AGRP is one of the most important neuropeptide in appetite regulation and energy homeostasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill running on plasma and muscle [Soleus] concentration of AGRP in male Wistar rats. Forty rats were randomly assigned into two groups. The training group was given exercise on a motor-driven treadmill at 28 m/min [equal to 75% vo2max] for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 10 weeks. After finishing the exercise protocol, each group was divided into 2 subgroups, the fasting and the fed [n=10] groups. Each subgroup was anesthetized and sacrificed after an overnight fast and the other, after 3 hours of food deprivation. The results showed muscle and plasma AGRP were significantly [P < 0.001] higher in the trained rats in comparison to the control rats. Also there was a significant and positive correlation between Soleus AGRP and plasma AGRP. It can be speculated that negative energy balance as well as local hyperphagia in muscle, induced by exercise produces satiety, signals the hypothalamus, which therefore increases release of AGRP facilitating energy recovery. This mechanism may be involved in glycogen supercompensation as well

Critical thinking and clinical decision making in nurse

Today, nurses are exposed to everchanging complicated conditions in health care services, they provide. To be able to cope with these conditions effectively, they should be competent decision makers. Besides, as decision making conditions get more complicated, using critical thinking is a need. The current study was carried out to evaluate the relationship between critical thinking and clinical decision making, in nurses of critical and general care units of hospitals in Isfahan. In addition, it is also aimed to compare the nurses of critical and general units in critical thinking and clinical decision making. This is a correlation, descriptive study of cross-sectional type. The participants are 140 nurses; 70 working in critical care unit and 70, working in general units. Sampling method was random stratified sampling and the data was collected using a questionnaire with three sections; containing items on demographic data, clinical decision making and California critical thinking skills test. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire was approved using content validity, test-retest method and internal correlation test. The data was analyzed using variance analysis, Pearson correlation and t-test. The mean score of critical thinking and clinical decision making was 10.61, 63.27 and 10.67, 61.66 for nurses of critical care and general units, respectively. No statistical significant difference between two groups was observed in the area of clinical decision making and critical thinking. In addition, no statistical correlation was observed between the clinical decision making and critical thinking. The findings of the study demonstrated that the mean score of critical thinking was low in nurses. Probably, it originates from the educational system shortages and also, the professional environment problems. Some experts believe that the reason for lack of correlation between critical thinking and clinical decision making goes back to the absence of appropriate tool to measure the correlation

Radioactivity monitoring in drinking water of Zahedan, Iran

The present research has focused on the effect of radioactivity on drinking water from five sites in the region of Zahedan city. The measurement of water activity in wells, river and spring has been used as a screening method. The determination of gamma emitters was performed by use the application of gamma spectrometry. The values of Radium concentration was between less than 2 mBq/l to 3 +/- 0.4 for water wells, 5 +/- 0.4 mBq/L for river, and less than 2 mBq/L for spring. All values of activity in the selected water samples were lower than the permissible limit for drinking water consumption. The water was safe for drinking, washing and agricultural use

radio nuclides in piping drinking water, cultivated soil and consumed food material from Zahedan city

The ionizing radiation can affect the human health and the life of other organizes living things in short time, especially when the dose of radiation exceed the ICRP standard. The amount and type of radioactive matter were not known in water, soil and food products of Zahedan. Therefore this study was aimed to survey the safety of such materials for the human being. Five different places in Zahedan city were chosen for sampling from water, soil and food materials and concentration and type of radionuclide were determined. Sieving, drying and mix Turing were amongst the method utilized for suitable preparation of the materials. The results show no existence of any artificial radio nuclides. However there were some natural radionuclides such as K-40, U238, Th232 and Ra226 in different dosages in the examined samples. The study confirmed that there is no risk of radio nuclides exposure with regard to the soil, water and food materials in Zahedan

[A survey of detecting Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA with the aid of PCR in human coronary arteries and ascending aorta at postmortem and in alive patients]

Atherosclerosis is an important agent of mortality and morbidily among humans. Knowledge of the causative and precipitating factors of atherosclerosis is therefore highly important. Among the factors, infections have been cited among which Chlamydia pneumoniae. Accordingly we performed a systemic dissection of the 3 coronary arteries and ascending aorta in 49 postmortem subjects who underwent operation and 5 atherosclerotic plaques in alive subjects and studied the relationship in individual persons between the presence of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA and the number of major risk factors. Other major risk factors comprising age, sex, blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypercholestrolemia and history of deaths due to heart ailment in families were also studied. From each vessels, two sections were obtained, one determining pathological grading of atherosclerosis [study classification], and other determining the prevalence of Chlamydia pneumonia DNA by polymerase chain Reaction [PCR] method. PCR was performed in Pasteur Institute. C.Pneumoniae was detected by PCR in 14 [25.9%] out of 54 subjects. 19 segments of vessels were positive for C. Pneumoniae out of which 16 segments [84.2%] had atherosclerosis and an equal or more than 3 in pathologic gradings. In the C. Pneumoniae positive patients, in comparison of the two groups comprising of patients with one or more risk factors, no statistically significant difference was seen [P>0.05]. This study opens up the path for management strategies in eradicating C. Pneumoniae, and decreasing morbidity, mortality secondary to atherosclerosis

one year report of the country's mental health program in a 22,000 populated region of north-east Iran

This study began in December, 1989, and continued for one year. 245 cases, 46.5% from urban areas and 53.5% from rural areas, were followed-up. 13.5% were diagnosed by general physicians and receiving drugs accordingly before the program. 30.2% were properly diagnosed, but they did not receive reasonable drugs; and 56.3% were neither properly diagnosed nor did they receive reasonable treatment. The main diagnoses, according to ICD-9, were as follows: 35.9% mental retardation, 35.5% neurotic disorders, 12.2% epilepsy and its psychiatric aspects, 12,2% schizophrenia, and 4.9% affective psychoses. 21.2% were disabled in different stages. The rate of tracing in the first 6 month follow-up period was 46.15%