Effect of diabetes on renal function parameters in tertiary care hospital

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the most common non-communicable diseases among all in today’s era. The influence of raised blood glucose levels in Diabetes mellitus on kidney is a matter of concern for the medical fraternity throughout the world. Hyperglycemia exerts a detrimental effect on a number of major organ systems especially kidney. The renal function parameters i.e. blood urea and serum creatinine levels are a valuable tool in the determination of renal function. Aim and objectives: To investigate the impact of diabetes on renal function in different age groups. Material and methods: This study was conducted with 100 diabetic patients coming to the outpatient clinic from January 2017 to December 2017 in the Department of Medicine of the Hind Institute of Medical Sciences. Blood samples were collected and estimated for blood glucose levels, blood urea levels and serum creatinine levels. All the data was collected and analyzed statistically. Results: Out of total 100 patients 46 were found in first (140-200 mg/dl) and 39 in second (200-280 mg/dl) category. In both categories concentration of urea hadn’t shown significant fluctuation from their normal range unlike creatinine which shows abnormal results. In the third category (260 – 390 mg /dl), all 15 samples were found with raised level of urea and creatinine. Conclusion: From this study, we can conclude that deflection in urea and creatinine level from their normal range indicates reduction in kidney function in diabetic patients. The measurement of urea and creatinine levels allows early identification of patients with prerenal problems.

Diagnosis of disseminated microsporidiosis: Detection of circulating Enterocytozoon bieneusi DNA in blood of HIV/AIDS patients

Disseminated microsporidiosis among HIV/AIDS patients is life-threatening. The incidence may be actually higher than what has been reported. This is due to non-specific presentations of the disseminated cases and also the insensitivity of routine diagnostic technique which contribute to delay in the treatment of the disease. In the present study, we report the use of blood specimens to detect circulating microsporidia DNA, which has not been reported for diagnosis of disseminated microsporidiosis. Blood samples from HIV/AIDSpositive patients were collected over a period of one year. These samples were subjected to PCR assay using species-specific primer EBIEF1/EBIER1. Out of 100 patients, seven were confirmed positive for E. bieneusi by PCR. A fragment of 607 bp was successfully amplified. Identification of circulating microsporidia DNA in blood samples may aid in early diagnosis, thereby allows timely administration of anti-parasitic treatment.

Prevalence of Needle Stick Injuries and Compliance to Infection Control Guidelines Among Health Care Workers in a Teaching Hospital, Malaysia

Introduction: Health care workers (HCW) are constantly exposed to blood-borne illnesses through needle stick injuries (NSI). Despite the increasing trend of NSI, evidence regarding the actual practice of universal precautions among these HCWs is lacking. This study assessed the practice of universal precautions towards prevention of NSI among HCWs in a teaching hospital setting. Methods: This cross-sectional survey involved a newly-designed self-completed questionnaire assessing demographic data, exposure to NSI and practice of universal precautions. Questionnaires were distributed to every ward and completed questionnaires were collected after a period of 7 days. Results: A total of 215 HCWs responded to the survey. 35.8% were exposed to bodily fluid, with 22.3% had NSI in the last 12 months. Blood taking was the commonest procedure associated with NSI. Of practices of universal precautions, recapping needle and removing needle from syringe were still wrongly practiced by the HCWs assessed. Conclusion: NSI among HCW are still common despite the introduction of universal precautions in our hospital. Incorrect practices in handling sharps should be looked into in order to reduce the incidence of blood-borne illnesses through NSI in the hospital.

Risk of hypothermia in a new olympic event: the 10-km marathon swim

INTRODUCTION: There are no available data addressing the potential clinical risks of open-water swimming competitions. OBJECTIVE: Address the risks of hypothermia and hypoglycemia during a 10-km open-water swimming competition in order to alert physicians to the potential dangers of this recently-introduced Olympic event. METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study, conducted during a 10-km open-water event (water temperature 21ºC). The highest ranked elite open-water swimmers in Brazil (7 men, 5 women; ages 21±7 years old) were submitted to anthropometrical measurements on the day before competition. All but one athlete took maltodextrine ad libitum during the competition. Core temperature and capillary glycemia data were obtained before and immediately after the race. RESULTS: Most athletes (83 percent) finished the race with mild to moderate hypothermia (core temperature <35ºC). The body temperature drop was more pronounced in female athletes (4.2±0.7ºC vs. male: 2.7±0.8ºC; p=0.040). When data from the athlete who did not take maltodextrine was excluded, capillary glycemia increased among athletes (pre 86.6±8.9 mg/dL; post 105.5±26.9 mg/dL; p=0.014). Time to complete the race was inversely related to pre- competition body temperature in men (r=-0.802; p=0.030), while it was inversely correlated with the change in capillary glycemia in women (r=-0.898; p=0.038). CONCLUSION: Hypothermia may occur during open-water swimming events even in elite athletes competing in relatively warm water. Thus, core temperature must be a chief concern of any physician during an open-water swim event. Capillary glycemia may have positive effects on performance. Further studies that include more athletes in a controlled setting are warranted.

a) Para cambiar la forma de vivir hay que cambiar la forma de nacer. b) Hablemos en pareja. c) La lactancia de pedrito. d) Amanecer. e) Decisiones / In order to change the form to live it is necessary to change the form to be born. We speak in pair. The lactancia of pedrito. To dawn. Decisions

Material distribuido por la Secretaria Nacional de Salud

Cross reactivity between ES and somatic antigens of Fasciola spp in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay

Excretory-secretory [ES] and somatic antigens of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica were prepared from freshly collected flukes. Laboratory bred rabbits were immunized with antigens for preparation of antisera. ES antigens of both species showed strong positive reaction with antisera raised against ES and somatic antigens of parasite. Somatic antigens of both species also showed strong positive reaction with antisera raised against somatic and ES antigens of parasite. In homologous combination of antigens and antisera higher enzyme linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] values was observed in comparison with heterologous combination, so it was concluded that ES and somatic antigens of Fasciola spp have strong cross reaction with each other but the antigenic materials of ES and somatic products of parasite are not completely the same

Memoria Taller-Presentación del Texto: Diagnóstico Cualitativo de la Atención en Salud Reproductiva en Bolivia

Presentación. Introducción. Inauguración. Objetivos del Taller. La nueva Estrategia de la OMS