[The effect of preparatory face to face education to reduce depression and anxiety in open heart surgery adult patient in Shafa hospital in Kerman, 2008]

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are psychological problems after cardiac surgery and hospitalization. Patient education and giving information has important role in nursing care in reducing anxiety and depression. In different methods individual and face to face teaching is an effective method. The main purpose of this study was the preparatory face to face education to reduce depression and anxiety in open heart surgery patients

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study on one-hundred and twenty patients dividing into two groups of sixty members, chosen at random and matched by age, sex, marital status employment status and type of surgery. The patients receiving information booklet and educational program were put in the experimental group and other patients were put in the control group only receiving normal education. The information was gathered by the standard questionnaire of Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale [HADS]. For data analysis in spite of mean and standard deviation, correlation, T, ANOVA with SPSS 14 were used

Results: According to the findings of the study the anxiety and depression in both groups were reduced after the surgery [P-value<0.0001]. But in experimental group was significantly less than control group. The anxiety scores before and after the surgery in experimental group was 11.63 and 6.68 and in control group was 13.3 and 9.6.For the depression the scores was 10.3and 5.85, and for the control group was 11.28, 9.16.According to the result of the study about the relationship between anxiety, depression and demographic variables, the amount of depression in women and addicted subjects were more than the rest of the group, furthermore jobless subjects had more anxiety [P<0.05]

Conclusion: The result of the study showed that undergoing heart surgery patients, experienced anxiety and depression that can negative effect on them. Despite of difference between pre and postoperative scores, in experimental group was significant. Furthermore education specially face to face educational program and giving information was very effective method in reducing their depression and anxiety. This teaching method for better interaction with client and its simply is useful for nurses. Also attention to female, addicted and jobless is recommended

[Frequency of Major Depressive Disorders in schizophrenic patients]

Background: a debilitating disorder such as Schizophrenia would have a bad prognosis if it would be mixed with Major Depressive disorder. It is obvious that treating this latter manageable problem accompanied with better prognosis for the former disorder

Materials and Methods: 243 schizophrenic patient in the different phases of treatment [Acute, partial remission, under control] Beck depression Inventory was done. Cut of point for assuming Major depressive disorder was 30

Results: 80% of patients were in the ages between 17-38.17% in acute phase of disorder, 30%in partial remission and 52% were under control. The rate of major depressive disorder in Acute phase 88%; in partial remission group 45%and in under control group 25%

Conclusion: the frequency of major depressive disorder in Schizophrenic patients [in different phases of treatment] were nearly 40%.This rate was higher in women, singles, divorced, unemployed and in lower levels of education. Major depressive disorders were lower in patients who were in under control phase till in partial remission or acute phase