Micro-sized erosions in a nanofilled composite after repeated acidic beverage exposures: consequences of clusters dislodgments

Objective: To evaluate the hardness (KHN), color stability (DE), and superficial micromorphology of two categories of composites after immersion in either distilled water or grape juice for up to 45 days. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cylindrical specimens (6 mm diameter x 2 mm thick) were obtained according to the factors: composite [Opallis (FGM) and Filtek Z350XT (3M ESPE)]; immersion solution (distilled water and grape juice); and evaluation time: 24 h and 7, 14, 21, 28, and 45 days. After photoactivation, the specimens were stored at 37ºC for 24 h. KHN (50 g/15 s) and ΔE were then repeatedly assessed according to the immersion solutions. Data were analyzed (three-way ANOVA/Tukey's test). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) topographic analysis was also performed. RESULTS: In general, KHN of both composites reduced after 24 h, irrespective of the immersion solution and time. A significantly lower KHN was noted for Opallis compared with Filtek Z350XT in all parameters. An increase in ΔE over time was noted for both composites, irrespective of the immersion solution. Significantly higher ΔE was noted for Filtek Z350XT immersed in grape juice compared with Opallis, regardless of the evaluation time. The grape juice caused significantly higher DE compared with water in all periods. SEM analysis showed eroded areas for Filtek Z350XT but not for Opallis. CONCLUSIONS: The compositions and immersion solutions influence the composite hardness and the color stability. In spite of the higher hardness, the nanofilled composite is more susceptible to color change than the microhybrid when immersed in an acidic dyed solution. .

Shear bond strength of resin composite to enamel treated with Er: YAG laser and phosphoric acid

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the shear bond strength of resin composite to enamel treated with Er:YAGlaser. It was used 33 human third molars. After the dental crowns cutting, the mesial and distal surfaces were embeddedperpendicularly to the PVC cylinders long axis. Enamel was ground and the samples were randomly divided into 6 groups:G1- phosphoric acid (control), G2- Er:YAG laser (60mJ/10Hz), G3- Er:YAG (100mJ/10Hz), G4- Er:YAG (60mJ/10Hz+ acid), G5- Er:YAG (100mJ/ 10Hz + acid), G6- Er:YAG (80mJ/2Hz). In all groups, Single Bond was used and resincomposite cylinders (Z100) were prepared. The samples were stored in distilled water at 37oC for 24 hours and submittedto shearing test. G1 presented bond strength values significantly higher than G2, G3 and G6. The groups irradiated onlywith Er:YAG laser, in different intensities and frequencies, were equivalent as for the bond strength values. The groupstreated with laser + acid presented strength values statistically equal to those of the control group. The enamel treatmentwith phosphoric acid, or its association with laser, is important to obtain good bond. The use of Er: YAG laser alone isnot recommended, considering the conditions tested in this study.

Objetivou-se avaliar a resistência adesiva da resina composta ao esmalte condicionado com Er:YAG laser, através do teste de cisalhamento. Foram utilizados 33 terceiros molares humanos. Após o seccionamento das coroas dentárias, as faces mesial e distal foram incluídas perpendiculares ao longo eixo de cilindros de PVC. O esmalte foi planificado com lixa 600 e os espécimes aleatoriamente divididos em 6 grupos: G1- ácido fosfórico (controle), G2- Er:YAG laser(60mJ/10Hz), G3- Er:YAG (100mJ/10Hz), G4- Er:YAG (60mJ/10Hz + ácido), G5- Er:YAG (100mJ/ 10Hz + ácido), G6-Er:YAG (80mJ/2Hz). Em todos os grupos, o sistema adesivo Single Bond foi aplicado e os cilindros de resina composta (Z100) confeccionados. Os espécimes foram armazenados em água destilada a 37°C por 24h e submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento. O G1 apresentou valores de resistência adesiva significantemente superiores aos grupos G2, G3 e G6.Os grupos irradiados apenas com Er: YAG laser, nas diferentes intensidades e freqüências, equivaleram-se quanto aos valores de resistência adesiva. Os grupos tratados com laser + ácido apresentaram valores de resistência estatisticamente iguais ao grupo controle. O tratamento do esmalte com ácido fosfórico, ou a sua associação com laser, é importante para a obtenção de uma boa adesão. A utilização somente do Er: YAG laser não é recomendada, considerando-se as condições testadas neste estudo.

Fotoativação: estágio atual LED: classificação e características / Photoactivation: an update LED: classification and characteristics

Os aparelhos fotoativadores com lâmpada halógena têm sido amplamente utilizados para polimerizar materiais resinosos. No final dos anos 90 surgiram aparelhos LED (1ª geração) que se mostraram pouco efetivos. Posteriormente surgiram os 2ª geração com alta densidade de potência (alguns em torno de 1.000 mW/cm2). Mas, apesar desta evolução, eram necessários aparelhos capazes de fotoativar materiais que contivessem diferentes fotoiniciadores, já que o espectro de irradiância destes primeiros aparelhos era estreito, embora coincidente com a absorvância da canforoquinona. Desta forma, a recém-lançada 3ª geração apresenta, além de LEDs que emitem luz azul, LEDs que emitem luz violeta. Os aparelhos a serem lançados devem ser mais efetivos na polimerização dos materiais restauradores, independente do fotoiniciador contido nos materiais.

Quartz-tungsten halogen lights have been used to polymerize resin materials. A new technology was developed to polymerize these materials, called first-generation LED lights. These lights were found to be less effective and a new generation came on the market (second-generation). These lights provided a very high power density (around 1.000mW/cm2). Despite this evolving technology, it was necessary to produce LED units able to polymerize all materials, irrespective of the photoiniciator, due to the narrow spectrum provided by these lights, similar to camphorquinone absorbance. Third-generation LED light was developed and included, not only blue LED’s, but also LED’s providing violet light, thus curing all materials. Light sources to be launched might be more effective to polymerize composites, regardless the photoiniciator molecule.