Essential hypertension; hyperuricemia in patients

Objectives: to determine the frequency of hyperuricemia in patients with essential hypertension

Study Design: cross sectional descriptive

Period: six months study

Setting: liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad

Patients and Methods: all the patients with essential hypertension visited at cardiac OPD / admitted in the ward were further evaluated for serum uric acid level. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated

Results: during six months study period, total one hundred and eighty [180] patients with essential hypertension were recruited and study for uric acid level. The mean age +/- SD for overall population was 52.84 +/- 8.72 whereas it was 55.83 +/- 7.93 and 50.75 +/- 8.95 in male and female population respectively. The mean +/- SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure [mmHg] in overall population was 160.50 +/- 12.74 and 100.70 +/- 5.95 respectively. The mean +/- SD serum uric acid level in overall population was 13.74 +/- 4.83 while it was 11.74 +/- 6.44 and 14.43 +/- 4.31 in male and female population respectively]. The male population was predominant in relation to age [p=0.02], the hyperuricemia was identified in 117/180 [65%] patients and it is statistically significant in context to age [p<0.01] and gender [p<0.05] whereas mean +/- SD of systolic and diastolic blood pressure was also significant in relation to hyperuricemia

Conclusion: there is a relationship between hyperuricemia and hypertension and shown that the serum uric acid level was significantly increased in patients with essential hypertension

ST elevation myocardial infarction; hyponatremia and its prognostic importance

To evaluate the frequency of hyponatremia and its prognostic importance in ST elevation myocardial infarction. Six months. Case series. Tertiary care hospital Hyderabad. All the cases with ST elevation myocardial infarction admitted in the CCU were recruited and evaluate for serum sodium level at admission and then at 24, 48 and 72 hours. The data was analyzed in SPSS 16 and the frequency and percentage was calculated. One hundred patients with acute myocardial infarction were recruited and assessed for sodium level. The mean age +/- SD of whole population was 57.52 +/- 9.51 whereas in male and female population it was 58.72 +/- 7.53 and 53.84 +/- 7.93 respectively. The sodium level was 130.21 +/- 3.42 and 127.41 +/- 4.21 in male and female population. The p-value was statistically significant [<0.01] in context to age and sex whereas the age in context to hyponatremia is non significant [p=0.77]. The hyponatremia and its severity was statistically significant in context to sex [p=0.04] and duration of the myocardial infarction [p=0.03]. The serum sodium level in context to duration of MI was also significant [p=0.03] whereas the mortality at the end of 30 days was 11% of which 02 patients had normal sodium level while the 09 had low sodium level [hyponatremia]. Hyponatremia in patients with acute STEMI is a important predictor of thirty days mortality

Correlation between glycated haemoglobin levels and random blood glucose

Glycated haemoglobin or glycosylated haemoglobin [HbA1c] is a form of haemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Levels of HbA1c represent the average blood glucose levels of diabetic patients over the previous 120 days. The objective of this study was to see the correlation between HbA1c levels and random glucose levels. This descriptive study included 106 randomly selected patients with known diabetes from the outpatients department. Random sugar levels were measured by using venous blood samples. HbA1c levels were measured in venous blood by BIO-RAD D-10 HPLC Method. Data were recorded on a proforma. Pearson's correlation was applied to find out any significant correlation between the glycated haemoglobin levels and the random blood glucose levels. Results were plotted on simple scatter plot and p<0.01 was considered significant. A significant linear positive correlation exists between levels of HbA1c and random blood sugar

Skin disorders in elderly population attending tertiary care hospital in Karachi

To determine the frequency of skin infections and predictors in elderly patients in Karachi. The study design was cross sectional, carried out among patients who attended OPD of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, North Nazimabad, Institute of Skin Diseases, Saddar and, Steel Town from May 2012 till July 2012. The sample size was 210 and diagnosis of cutaneous diseases were made by an expert dermatologist on the basis of history and clinical examination, which was recorded on a questionnaire which included data on the demographic profile type of skin infection and cause of skin infection, age, gender, occupation and socioeconomic status. Data was entered and all analysis was conducted on SPSS Version 16.0. In the Age Group 60-65 yrs, most commonly found diseases were scabies 15.5%, fungal infections 13.6% and eczema 6.4% whereas above 65yrs the disease frequency was less and reported as scabies 8.6%, fungal infections 5.9% and eczema and xerosis 3.6%. Scabies, fungal infection and eczema were most commonly found in both the categories of elderly age groups. A declining trend of infectious diseases was seen when comparing higher socioeconomic group with those of lower and middle ones. In affluent class, the focus of diseases shifts to Psoriasis, viral infections and pruritis instead of scabies indicating increased level of stress and other potentiating factors

Frequencies of congenital anomalies among newborns admitted in nursery of Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad, Pakistan

Congenital anomalies play a significant role in perinatal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. The frequency of these congenital anomalies varies in different populations. Objective of this study was to find out the frequencies of congenital anomalies admitted in nursery of Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad. In this descriptive, cross-sectional study all patients admitted in NICU from October 2009 to January 2010 were included. The patients were examined for major and minor congenital anomalies. The observations were recorded in tabulated form. A total of 2,360 patients were admitted in NICU during the study period. One hundred patients were noted to have congenital anomalies. The most frequent anomalies involved the central nervous system [31%]. Meningomyelocele was the commonest defect [71%, 22 out of 31 cases of CNS defects], among these males were more [77%, 17 out of 22 of meningomyelocele cases] than females [14 out of 31]. These were followed by patients born with congenital heart defects [16%]. Patients with urogenital anomalies [6%] were all male except for one who had ambiguous genitalia. Cases of meningomyelocele were the commonest presenting congenital anomaly. More stress should be laid on the role of peri-conceptional vitamin supplementation like folic acid for the primary prevention of congenital defects

Effects of zinc sulphate and allopurinol on the glycemic control, microalbumlnurla and lipid profile in poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients

Background: inadequate control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients consequently lead to the emergence of complications, like impairment of lipid profile and microalbuminuria. The main cause behind these events is the elevation in the oxidant stress process

Methods: this study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic utility of a novel formula which contain 75 mg zinc sulphate and 100 mg allopurinol, where 17 poorly controlled, type 2 diabetic patients were treated with a single daily dose of this formula, in addition to the regularly used oral hypoglycemic agents for 60 days

Results: obtained reflected a significant improvement in the blood glucose level [48% reduction], and microalbuminuria [60% reduction], associated with elevation of HDL-C levels [144%] and reduction of LDL-C levels [19%] compared with the per-treated values

Conclusions: the use of zinc sulphate and allopurinol may have an insulin mimetic activity which improve the glycemic control in inadequately controlled , type 2 DM patients according to a mechanism which require further extensive studies to be elucidated