RESUMEN
Objective: The study was designed to assess anxiety and its interference in life of slow learners, their self concept and find out relationship between anxiety and self concept
Study Design: Descriptive Case Series
Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted from March, 2012 to October, 2012 in Government Special Education Institute for Slow Learners, Jhang
Method: Sample [N=54] was comprised of children, drawn from Government special Education Institute for Slow Learners, Jhang through purposive sampling technique. Participants were identified as slow learners on the basis of Mental State Examination [MSE] and Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices [CPM]. The test booklet comprised of three instruments including, Informed Consent Form, Children Anxiety Life Interference Scale [CALIS] and Self-Perception Profile for Children [SPPC]. Descriptive analysis and Pearson Correlation coefficient was used to analyze and make inferences from the data collected from sample by using SPSS version 13
Results: Descriptive analysis showed that slow learners [M=25.54, SD=6.59], N=54 on anxiety scale and [M=62.80, SD=11.38], N=54 on self perception profile as Athletic Competence [M=13.96, SD=3.13], Conduct [M=12.15, SD=2.45], Peer Acceptance [M=13.37, SD=3.13], Physical Appearance [M=12.72, SD=1.88] and Scholastic Competence [M=10.76, SD=2.39] that indicate negative self concept with moderate level of anxiety and correlation [**P<0.01] of anxiety life interference and self-perception profile
Conclusion: Slow Learner Children have moderate level of anxiety and negative self concept
RESUMEN
Objective: The study was designed to demonstrate the relationship of self-esteem and body-esteem with social anxiety among psychiatric patients and to explore the split up of participants as per gender
Study Design: Cross Sectional Study
Duration and the Place of the study: The study was conducted from July, 2010 to Jan, 2011 in Outdoor of psychiatry department DHQ hospital Faisalabad
Patients and Methods: This comparative study was carried out as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mild to moderate patients of psychiatric disorders [anxiety disorders, mood disorders, somatoform disorders and drug dependence] were included in the study and patients who had severe psychotic features and psychotic illness such as schizophrenia were excluded from study. A sample of 201 patients of psychiatric disorders was collected which comprised of 90 males and 111 females through purposive convenient sampling technique. The test booklet comprised of three instruments including, The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, The Body Esteem Scale, informed consent form and demographic variables form. To diagnose the patients with psychiatric disorders, the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV[TR] were employed
Results: Results showed that there is negative relationship between social anxiety and self- esteem among psychiatric patients. Correlation is significant at the P<0.01 level. Self-Esteem and body-esteem have positive relationship among male psychiatric patients P<0.01. Self-Esteem and bodyesteem also have positive relationship among female psychiatric patients P<0.01. Result showed that there was insignificant correlation between social anxiety and body-esteem among male psychiatric patients P=ns. Social anxiety and body-esteem have significant relationship among female psychiatric patients P<0.01. Female psychiatric patients have high level of social anxiety M=76.89, SD=15.65, than male psychiatric patients M=68.39, SD=19.65, where t=-3.417, df=199, P=0.0005. There is non significant difference on self esteem scale between female psychiatric patients M=9.57, SD=2.65 and male psychiatric patients M=9.27, SD=2.49, where [t=- .822, df=199, P=0.206
Conclusion: Female psychiatric patients have high level of social anxiety as compared to male psychiatric patients. Self-esteem and body esteem have positive relationship among male psychiatric patients as well as female psychiatric patients. There is no significant difference on self esteem scale between female psychiatric patients and male psychiatric patients. In clinical practice it is suggested that clinicians should take into account co morbidity of social anxiety, self esteem and body esteem in psychiatric patients when planning treatment approaches
RESUMEN
Objective: The study was designed to assess and compare the social anxiety among depressed and non depressed people and to explore the split up of participants as per gender
Study Design: Comparative Study
Duration and Place of Study: The study was conduced from February 2010 to April 2010 in Outdoor of psychiatry department DHQ Hospital Faisalabad and Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan
Patients and Method: This comparative study was carried out as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Mild to moderate patients of depression were included in the study and patients who had depression with psychotic features were excluded from the study as per purposive sampling technique. For non depressed people, students were included in the study whereas working people were excluded as per convenient sampling technique. Sample [N=90] was comprised of 45 patients of depression and 45 non depressed people as control group. Sample of patients with depression [20 males and 25 females] were drawn from Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Divisional Headquarter Hospital, Faisalabad through purposive sampling technique. Sample of control group [20 males and 25 females] was drawn from Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan through Convenient Sampling Technique. To diagnose the patients with social anxiety and depression, the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV TR and Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were employed while demographic variable such as gender was recorded on a demographic sheet. Independent sample t-test was used to analyze and make inferences from the data collected from sample by using SPSS version 10
Results: Results showed that patients of depression have higher level of social anxiety [M=89.00, SD=12.79] as compared to non depressed people [M=21.71, SD=17.53], where t [88] =20.803, p=0.001, N=90 on the scale of social anxiety. Female patients of depression [M=79.85, SD=9.16] as compared to male patients of depression [M=96.32, SD= 10.38], where t [43] = 5.568, p=0, N= 45 which indicated that there is a significant difference on social anxiety scale among female patients of depression and male patients of depression. Another finding indicated that female patients of depression [M=96.32, SD=10.38] and non depressed females have [M=96.32, SD=10.38], where t [48] = .000, p=0.5, N=50 which indicated that there is no significant difference on social anxiety scale among female patients of depression and non depressed females. Results also showed that male patients of depression [M=79.85, SD=9.16] and non depressed males have [M=8.40, SD=8.40], where t [38] = 26.250, p=0, N=40 which indicated that there is highly significant difference on social anxiety scale among male patients of depression and non depressed males
Conclusion: Depressed people have higher level of social anxiety comparatively non depressed people and as per gender, female patients of depression have higher level of social anxiety comparatively male patients of depression as told by this study and other studies as well, so depressed people and their families should educate about their illness and their treatment and increase contacts to build up confidence in a better way
RESUMEN
Objectives: The study was designed to examine anxiety, depression and self-esteem among patients of chronic skin diseases and to explore the split up of patients as per gender
Study Design: Correlational Study
Duration and the Place of the Study: The study was conduced from February 2010 to April 2010 in outdoor of dermatology DHQ hospital Faisalabad and Nishtar Hospital Multan
Patients and Methods: All patients who consented [in case of minors consent taken from guardians/ parents] were included in this correlational study. All patients who refused to participate in the study were excluded and patients who suffering from chronic medical or surgical problems were also excluded.160 patients with different skin diseases participated in it through purposive convenient sampling technique. Anxiety, depression and selfesteem were assessed by using test booklet was comprised of Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale and Informed Consent form. The diagnostic criteria of DSM IV TR were employed while demographic variables were recorded on a demographic sheet. SPSS version 10 was used to analyze the raw data by correlation coefficient and the independent-samples t-tests
Results: Results showed that there were positive relationship between anxiety and depression [P<0.05] and negative relationship between depression and selfesteem among chronic skin patients [P<0.01]. It was also found that there is significant difference on anxiety scale among female patients of chronic skin diseases [M=43.18, SD=5.72], and male patients of chronic skin diseases [M=44.71, SD=4.86], where t [158] = 1.798, p=0.037, N=160. Results also showed that female patients of chronic skin diseases have higher level of depression as compared to male patients of chronic skin diseases [M=56.89, 53.81], [SD=5.08, 4.13], where [t=-4.118, df=158, p=0.001] and female patients of skin diseases have lower level of self-esteem as compared to male patients of chronic skin diseases [M=10.64, 11.91], [SD=2.67, 2.66], where [t=2.990, df=158, p=0.0015]
Conclusion: As the psychiatric co morbidity anxiety, depression and self-esteem in patients suffering from chronic skin diseases is so frequent hence the doctors dealing with such patients should be better trained in assessment and management of these disorders