Sacral neuromodulation therapy for urinary and defecatory disorders: experience in a Latin American public hospital

Abstract Objective: To show the experience of a Latin American public hospital, with SNM in the management of either OAB, NOUR or FI, reporting feasibility, short to medium-term success rates, and complications. Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted using data collected prospectively from patients with urogynecological conditions and referred from colorectal surgery and urology services between 2015 and 2022. Results: Advanced or basic trial phases were performed on 35 patients, 33 (94%) of which were successful and opted to move on Implantable Pulse Generator (GG) implantation. The average follow-up time after definitive implantation was 82 months (SD 59). Of the 33 patients undergoing, 27 (81%)reported an improvement of 50% or more in their symptoms at last follow-up. Moreover, 30 patients (90%) with a definitive implant reported subjective improvement, with an average PGI-I "much better" and 9 of them reporting to be "excellent" on PGI-I. Conclusion: SNM is a feasible and effective treatment for pelvic floor dysfunction. Its implementation requires highly trained groups and innovative leadership. At a nation-wide level, greater diffusion of this therapy among professionals is needed to achieve timely referral of patients who require it.

Transmigración de canino mandibular: etiología, manejo quirúrgico y consideraciones especiales / Mandibular canine transmigration: etiology, surgical management and special considerations

En raras ocasiones, el canino mandibular derecho o izquierdo se coloca en el lado opuesto al habitual. Esta perturbación se define como la transmigración. Existen diversas teorías de su etiología, así como factores que la condicionan. La transmigración mandibular es un término que no está descrito en la literatura contemporánea y son pocos los casos reportados a nivel mundial. Presentamos un caso de trasmigración de canino mandibular derecho, posicionado por debajo del agujero mentoniano de lado izquierdo, cerca del borde basal mandibular, el cual se extrajo bajo anestesia general. Presentamos la etiología, técnica quirúrgica y consideraciones especiales en casos de trasmigración de canino mandibular (AU)

In rare occasions right or left mandibular canine is positionated at opposed side of habitual. This disturbance is defined as transmigration. There exist diverse theories about its etiology as well as conditioning factors. Mandibular transmigration is a non described term in modern literature and there are only a few reported cases at world level. We present one case of right canine transmigration positionated intimately below of left side mentonian hole near of mandibular basal edge which it was extracted under general anesthesia. We present also the etiology, surgical technique and special considerations of mandibular canine transmigration cases (AU)

Masas renales pequeñas: predictores de malignidad en una serie de 10 años / Small renal masses: analysis of 152 cases

Background: Small renal masses (SRM) are defined as complex organ-confined solid or cystic lesions < 4 cm. Up to 20% of these can be benign. A conservative management with active surveillance can be done in some patients. However, it is difficult to identify patients with a higher risk of malignancy. Aim: To characterize the clinical, radiological and histopathological aspects of patients with SRM, analyzing predictive factors for tumor aggressiveness. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients undergoing partial or total nephrectomy for renal tumors between 2006 and 2016. All tumors of 4 cm or less were included. Four histological groups were defined: benign, favorable, intermediate and unfavorable. Two categories of risk were also defined: low and high. Preoperative clinical and radiological variables of these patients were analyzed. Results: Data of 152 patients were analyzed. Six percent had a benign histology, and the majority was of intermediate risk (74%). According to histological type, clear cell carcinoma was the most common type (74%). Three percent were benign angiomyolipomas. No malignancy predictive variable was identified. Conclusions: In these patients, the percentage of benign SRM was low. No variable that could predict the presence of a benign or malignant lesion in the definitive biopsy was identified.

Estrechez de uretra bulbopeneana de 16 centímetros, ¿es posible resolverla en un sólo tiempo? / 16-centimeter Penile Bulbar Urethral Stricture: Can it be Solved in Only One Stage?

La panestenosis de la uretra anterior tradicionalmente se ha resuelto mediante la uretroplastía en etapas. Esto implica un grave deterioro en la calidad de vida del paciente, ya que debe permanecer con la uretra expuesta y orinando sentado por unos 2 a 6 meses, entre las cirugías. Nuestro objetivo es detallar una técnica alternativa. Materiales y métodos: Presentamos un paciente de 60 años, con antecedentes de uropatía obstructiva baja de larga data, sin estudio previo. Durante una hospitalización para recambio valvular aórtico, presenta una retención aguda de orina. El sondeo uretral resulta frustro y debe instalarse una cistostomía. Posteriormente, se estudia con cistouretroscopía retrógrada y anterógrada flexible, encontrándose estrecheces en uretras peneana y bulbar, además de extensa espongiofibrosis. La uretrocistografía confirma una panestenosis anterior y muestra una uretra posterior indemne. Se decide resolver mediante uretroplastía con técnica de Asopa, utilizando un abordaje ventral, con injerto doble de mucosa oral, dispuesto en inlay dorsal, en un solo tiempo. Con bisturí oftálmico, se realiza una amplia y profunda uretrotomía dorsal, donde se fijarán los injertos más adelante. Simultáneamente, otro equipo cosecha la mucosa oral de ambas mejillas y prepara los injertos. Estos se fijan con sutura corrida en todos sus extremos y, mediante puntos interrumpidos, a la línea media sobre la albugínea dorsal. Una vez que los injertos están fijos, se instala una sonda foley siliconada de 16Fr y se procede a realizar la uretrorrafia del abordaje ventral, sobre la sonda. Finalmente se procede al cierre del cuerpo esponjoso, músculo bulboesponjoso, fascia de Colles, tejido subcutáneo y piel. Resultados: No hubo complicaciones intraoperatorias ni postoperatorias. El paciente se dio de alta a sudomicilio a los 4 días postoperatorios. La sonda se mantuvo por 34 días en total y se retiró previa realización de una pericateterografía. A los 6 meses de seguimiento, tiene un IPSS=5 y un Qmax de 17ml/seg. Conclusiones: Es factible y seguro resolver una panestenosis de uretra anterior, de 16 centímetros, mediante la técnica de Asopa, en un solo tiempo.

The pananterior urethral strictures has traditionally been solved by urethroplasty in stages. This implies serious deterioration in the life quality of patients, since the patient's urethra must remain exposed and urination must take place in a sitting position for 2 to 6 months between surgeries. Our goal is to detail an alternative technique. Materials and methods: We present a 60-year old patient with a history of long-standing lower obstructive uropathy with no previous study. During hospitalization for aortic valve replacement, he exhibits acute urinary retention. Urethral sounding is unsuccessful and cystotomy must performed. Later, he is subject to a flexible retrograde and antegrade cystourethroscopy study, finding a strictured penile and bulbar urethra, plus extensive spongiofibrosis. Urethrocystography confirms pananterior stenosis and shows an unscathed posterior urethra. It was decided to resolve the condition by urethroplasty with Asopa technique, using a ventral approach, with oral mucosa double graft, placed in a one-stage dorsal inlay. An ophthalmic scalpel is used to perform a broad and deep dorsal urethrotomy, where the grafts will be later placed. Simultaneously, another team harvest the oral mucosa from both cheeks and prepares the grafts. The latter are fastened with running suture in all ends and by interrupted stitches to the midline on the dorsal tunica albuginea. Once the grafts are fastened, a 16Fr silicone Foley catheter is installed and uretrorraphy is performed by ventral approach over the catheter. Finally, the spongy body, bulbospongiosus muscle, Colles' fascia, subcutaneous tissue and skin are closed. Results: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. The patient was discharged 4 days after surgery. The catheter was maintained for 34 days in total and removed after pericatheterogram. On the 6-months follow-up, it presents IPSS = 5 and Qmax of 17ml / sec. Conclusions: It is feasible and safe to resolve a pananterior urethral stenosis of 16 centimeters, using the technique of Asopa in one stage.

Uso rutinario del dispositivo antimigratorio Accordion para prevenir la retropulsión de cálculos ureterales durante la litotripsia intracorpórea con laser Holmium: ¿se justifica su uso? / Routine use of Accordion® antimigratory device for preventing the retropulsion of ureteral stones during intracorporeal lithotripsy with holmium laser: is it justified?

Evaluar el impacto del dispositivo Accordion® (Percsys, Palo Alta, CA) en la prevención de la migración de cálculos ureterales. Materiales y Métodos: Un total de 68 pacientes con cálculos ureterales fueron evaluados en este estudio caso-control. 34 fueron destinados al grupo I (grupo Accordion®) y 34 al grupo II (grupo control). Como objetivo primarios se evaluó la diferencia en tiempo de fragmentación durante el procedimiento. Objetivos secundarios evaluados fueron el tiempo operatorio total, tasa de éxito en la fragmentación del cálculo, requerimiento de catéter ureteral posterior al procedimiento y complicaciones perioperatorias. Resultados: Ambos grupos de pacientes resultaron comparables en término de variables demográficas y características de la litiasis. El tiempo de fragmentación intraoperatoria fue similar entre los grupos (25 minutos en el grupo I vs 24 minutos en el grupo II; p=0,94). No fue encontrada ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa en tiempo operatorio total (45 minutos en el grupo I vs 50 minutos en el grupo II; p =0,67) o tasa de éxito en la fragmentación (100 por ciento grupo I vs 97 por ciento grupo II). El análisis multivariado demostró una disminución significativa en la necesidad de instalación de catéter doble J al término del procedimiento con el uso de Accordion durante la ureteroscopía (OR 0.24; CI 0,07-0,90; p=0.034).Conclusión: Ambos grupos en nuestro estudio se comportaron de manera similar con respecto a los resultados inmediatos de la ureteroscopía. La disminución en la necesidad de instalación de un catéter doble J y el costo asociado a éste constituyen un argumento a favor de utilizar el dispositivo Accordion®...

To evaluate the impact of Accordion® (Percsys, Palo Alto , CA) device in preventing stone migration. Methods: A total of 68 patients with ureteral stones were evaluated in this case control study, 34 in group I (Accordion group) and 34 in group II (control group) . As primary outcome we evaluated difference in fragmentation time during the procedure. Secondary outcomes were total operative time, stone free rates, postoperative ureteral catheter requirement and perioperative complications. Results: Both groups of patients were comparable in terms of demographics variables and stone characteristics. Intraoperative fragmentation time was similar between groups (25 minutes for group I vs 24 minutes for group II; p=0,94). No statistically significant difference were found in total operative time (45 minutes for group I vs 50 minutes for group II; p =0,67) or stone free rates (100 percent group I vs 97 percent group II). Multivariate model showed a significant decrease in the need to install a double J catheter at the end of the procedure with the use of Accordion during ureteroscopy (OR 0.24; CI 0,07 -0,90; p=0.034).Conclusions: Both groups in our study behaved similarly with respect to immediate outcome of ureteroscopy. The decrease in the installation of double J stent and the cost associated with it constitutes an argument in favor of the use of Accordion device...

Relación entre índice de masa corporal, cáncer de próstata, antígeno prostático específico y score de Gleason / Is body mass index related to prostate cancer, PSA and Gleason score?

Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre índice de masa corporal (IMC), riesgo de cáncer de próstata, antígeno prostático específico (APE) y score de Gleason en 505 pacientes sometidos a biopsia prostática. Pacientes y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio caso control evaluando la relación entre IMC y cáncer de próstata. En los pacientes con cáncer de próstata se evaluó la relación entre IMC (<25, <25<30, <30), APE y score de Gleason. Resultados: Adenocarcinoma de próstata fue diagnosticado en 201 pacientes. Al estratificar el IMC (<25, <25<30, <30) de los pacientes y relacionarlo con la presencia o ausencia de cáncer no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos. Se encontró un mayor riesgo de cáncer de próstata en los pacientes de mayor estatura. En los pacientes con cáncer no se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre IMC, APE y score de Gleason. Conclusión: No se encontró asociación entre obesidad y cáncer de próstata. Existe un mayor riesgo de cáncer de próstata a mayor estatura. En los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de próstata no se encontró asociación entre obesidad, APE y score de Gleason.

Objetive: To evaluate the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), prostate cancer risk, prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Gleason score in 505 patients who underwent transrectal prostatic biopsy. Patients and Methods: We designed a Case-Control study to evaluate the relationship between BMIand the presence of prostate cancer. In the patients with the diagnosis of prostate cancer we evaluated the relationship between BMI (<25, <25<30, <30), PSA levels and Gleason score. Results: Prostate cancer was diagnosed in 201 patients. BMI (<25, <25<30, <30) was not related to the presence of prostate cancer. Height was associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Noassociation was found between BMI, PSA levels and Gleason score in patients with prostate cancer. Conclusions: The results of this study support the hypothesis that BMI is not associated with prostate cancer risk in Chilean population. Height is associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. Inpatients with prostate cancer no association was found between BMI, PSA levels and Gleason score.