RESUMEN
Objective: To determine the frequency and predictors of pulmonary hypertension in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Pakistani population, presenting at a tertiary care hospital
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Rheumatology, Shiekh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from March to June 2018. A total of 97 patients, who fulfilled the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus [SLE] criteria of American College of Rheumatology [ACR] 1992 were enrolled. Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [PAH] was measured by calculating pulmonary arterial systolic pressure through echocardiography by a single consultant cardiologist. Disease characteristics and demography was collected in a self-administered proforma. PAH was defined as mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 25mmHg or above by calculating with a formula. SPSS version 20 was used for analysis of data
Results: Out of 97 patients, 89.7% [n=87] were females and 10.3% [n=10] were males, with mean age of 31.29+/-8.824 years. The mean disease duration was 24.21+/-30.46 months. PAH was found in 23.3% [n=23] patients, including 19 females and 4 males. On further analysis of data, Raynaud phenomenon, rheumatoid factor and nephritis were assessed as predictors of PAH and all of these showed statistical significance for presence of PAH as per Chi-square test [p<0.05]
Conclusion: In this study, 23.3% SLE patients showed evidence of PAH and positive statistical significance was found between predictors like Raynaud phenomenon, rheumatoid factor, nephritis and presence of PAH. So it is imperative to detect PAH early and start prompt treatment to achieve better quality of life
RESUMEN
Carcinoma of the prostate is one of the common tumours of old age in men. This cross sectional study was conducted to detect carcinoma of prostate in clinically benign enlarged gland and to evaluate the efficacy of Digital rectal Examination in detection of prostatic cancer in patients presented at Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from July 1998 to July 1999. Patients presenting with lower urinary tract symptoms over the age of 50 years were evaluated on English version of International Prostate Symptoms Score [IPSS], clinically examined and post-voiding residual urine determined on abdominal sonography. The selection criteria were; Severe IPSS, absence of signs of malignancy on Digital Rectal Examination [DRE] and post-voiding residual urine more than 100 ml. Thus a total 100 patients were selected for further study. Four ml blood was taken to assess Prostate Specific Antigen [PSA] level pre-operatively. All these patients underwent either transvesical prostatectomy or transurethral resection of prostate [TURP] and enucleated prostatic tissues were sent to histopathology. Eighty-five percent patients had PSA level up to 10 [eta]g/ml. PSA level of 15 [15%] patients were above 10n gm/ml out of which 13 [13%] patients were having PSA in range of 11-12 [eta]g/ml and two [2%] had PSA level between 20-25 [eta]g/ml. Histopathology report of 2% patients turned out as adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Out of 100 patients who were having clinically benign DRE findings, 2 turned out as Carcinoma of the prostate histologically