Impacts of morphine addiction on spermatogenesis in rats

Background: There are numerous investigations on wide range of issues that disrupt regulatory spermatogenesis, individuals who are exposed to drug abuse faced infertility and immature spermatogenesis

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the addiction effects of morphine and its derivatives on rats spermatogenesis

Materials and Methods: 40 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups, which were exposed either with intravenous morphine, naloxone, naloxone and morphine, sham [with normal saline injection] and a control group without infusion. Spermatogenesis was assessed after three months via histological sections with hematoxylin and eosin staining, using a light microscope based on measurement of spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa

Results: Those rats that received opioids had changes in spermatogenesis function. The population of spermatogenesis cycle cells at spermatogonia, spermatocyte, spermatid, and spermatozoa stages was significantly decreased in those rats that received opioid in comparison to the control group [p<0.05]. Histological studies revealed that changes in different groups of opioid application might affect sperm formation. Sperm count in morphine group was [0+/-0] and in naloxone group, naloxone+morphine, sham and control were 235+/-3.77, 220+/-3.81, 247.12+/-6.10 and 250+/-6.54, respectively [p<0.001]

Conclusion: Morphine could affect all spermatogenesis stages

prevalence of magnetic resonance imaging hyperintensity in migraine patients and its association with migraine headache characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors

To determine the frequency of hyperintense foci in migraine patients and the relationship with migraine headache characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors. Ninety patients with migraine headache [70 without aura and 20 with aura] were enrolled and interviewed. Information on their headache [severity, frequency, and mean disease duration] and other related data was obtained by completing a clinical checklist. Subsequently, brain magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] was performed and each patient was then evaluated for hyperintense lesions. Of the 90 patients, 29 [32%] had silent hyperintense lesions on their MRI. The mean age of the patients with hyperintense foci was 41 years while those with no lesions was 33 years [p<0.010]. Supratentorial hyperintense lesions represented the majority of lesions in the patients [n=46, 63%]. Moreover, 56.3% of the lesions [n=41] were located within the right hemisphere. Cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, serum cholesterol, oral contraceptive pills use, and body mass index [BMI] were not significantly different in these two groups [p>0.050]. The lesions were found significantly more frequently in the patients who experienced chronic migraine [p=0.032]. Our study adds weight to the theory that disease duration has a key role in the formation of hyperintense brain lesions. Certain cardiovascular risk factors such as sex, smoking, serum cholesterol, and BMI, do not affect the presence or absence of such lesions, suggesting that the relationship between migraine and these lesions may be directly due to the effects of migraine itself

Clinical characteristics and causality of eye lid laceration in Iran

The aim of this study was to assess the etiological characteristics and visual outcomes of ocular trauma with more attention to eyelid laceration. In a cross-sectional study, 98 cases of isolated traumatic eyelid laceration were consecutively studied and its epidemiology, etiology and association with visual outcome were evaluated. The findings of this study could be used to develop healthcare related precautions and work place safety recommendations. Of the 98 patients included in the study, men exhibited a greater vulnerability and they were mostly aged around 29 years old. In terms of the place of trauma, 42 [42.8%] cases occurred in the street, 29 cases [29.6%] occurred at home, and 18 cases [18.4%] occurred at the workplace, while 5 cases [5.1%] happened in entertaining environments like parks. For 3 patients [3%], the incident took place at a public pathway, and in 1 patient [1%], the case occurred at school. As the most common cause of trauma, 41 patients [41.8%] had an object hit their eyes. In addition, assaults were a major cause of injury. The right eye and the upper lid were also the most common sites of injuries. Although no blindness occurred due to trauma causing eyelid laceration, the visual outcomes were correlated with severity of the incident defined based on the presence of open globe injuries. This study could possibly highlight the risk factors of eyelid laceration and provide the healthcare community with the essential recommendations regarding the safety precautions in dangerous settings, including daily/routine work places

Extrinsic and intrinsic coagulation pathway, fibrinogen serum level and platelet count in HIV positive patients

Infection with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] is a progressive condition which may cause endothelial dysfunction and liver damage leading to coagulopathy. With adventure of highly active antiretroviral therapy [HAART], life expectancy has prolonged in HIV positive patients but several acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS]-related conditions such as coagulopathies are responsible for associated morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to evaluate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of coagulation, serum level of fibrinogen and platelet count in HIV positive patients and compare it with negative healthy individuals. Through a case-control study, 114 HIV seropositive patients were compared with 114 seronegative samples in terms of hematological and other coagulation parameters. Mean age of study patients was 37.48 years. Intra venous drug abuse was the most common route of infection transmission with a prevalence of more than 50%. HIV route of transmission had a direct relationship with PTT abnormal levels [P<0.0001]. However, this relationship was not significant for PT values. Stages of HIV disease and administration of HAART did not reveal any significant relationship with PT and PTT. There was also a statistically significant correlation between CD4[+]< 200 and PT in case group [P=0.008]. On the other hands, in control group, CD4[+] had a weak relationship with PTT [P=0.02] and an inverse correlation with serum fibrinogen [P=0.013]. Hematological parameters and serum fibrinogen are decreased in HIV positive patients especially in direct relation with CD4[+] cell count<200 cell/ micro l. PT and PTT abnormal values are also more prevalent in this population

Diffuse large B cell lymphoma of the rectosigmoid junction: case report and literature review

Primary colorectal lymphoma [PCL] is a rare condition that accounts for a small percentage of all gastrointestinal [GI] malignancies. There are several reports in the literature regarding the most common features of PCL. However, primary lymphoma in the rectosigmoid junction has been rarely reported. Our case was a 67-year-old male who presented with non-specific symptoms of bowel obstruction which, upon further workup, was diagnosed as a rare case of PCL located in the rectosigmoid junction

Use of oxycodone in pain management

Oxycodone is widely used to alleviate moderate-to severe acute pain, It is an effective analgesic for many types of pain, and is especially useful for paroxysmal spontaneous pain, steady pain, allodynia associated with postherpetic neuralgia, and it is also increasingly used in the management of cancer-related and chronic pain, oxycodone has been found to improve the quality of life of patients with many types of pain. In 2011, following chemical and physical manipulation, an extended-release form of oxycodone was developed in order to maintain its rate-controlling mechanism. This new formulation significantly improved analgesia among patients with moderate-to-severe chronic osteoarthritis pain with an adverse event profile similar to that of other opioids. The long-term safety and efficacy of extended-release form of oxycodone in relieving moderate-to-severe chronic pain has been demonstrated. In this study we discussed about different aspects of this drug in managing of various types of pain

Sleep-related eating disorder: a case report of a progressed night eating syndrome

Night eating syndrome is a common disorder in eating behaviors that occurs in close relation to the night time sleep cycle. Although eating disorders are common in society, night eating syndrome has been left neglected by health care professionals. In this report we present a case of eating disorder that exhibits some novel features of night eating syndrome. Our case was a progressed type of eating disorder which may increase awareness among physicians about sleep-related eating disorders.

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis [CSVT] in a neonate with different manifestations

Cerebral sinovenous thrombosis [CSVT] is increasingly diagnosed in neonates. Despite many studies which have addressed diagnosis and management of pediatric CSVT, diagnosis of CVSD in neonates is difficult. A female neonate born by natural vaginal delivery was diagnosed with CSVT after initiation of seizure. The seizure was stabilized and after performing diagnostic tests, the diagnosis of CSVT was made. This report describes diagnosis of this rare condition in a newborn baby in order to make awareness about this serious condition in neonates

Assessment of substances abuse in burn patients by using drug abuse screening test

There has been an increase in the frequency of substance abuse among hospitalized burn injury patients. However, few studies have investigated substance abuse among burn patients. This study was aimed to identify the incidence of substance abuse in burn injury patients using the "Drug Abuse Screening Test" [DAST-20]. We determined the validity of DAST-20 in spring 2010. Subsequently, this descriptive study was performed on 203 burn injury patients who fit the study's inclusion criteria. We chose a score of 6 as the cutoff and thus achieved a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 85% for the DAST-20. During the study, we gathered demographic data, burn features and DAST-20 results for all patients. Patients with scores of 6 or more were considered to be substances abusers. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS v16 software. According to the DAST-20 results, 33% of the patients were in the user group. The mean score of DAST-20 was significantly higher among users than it was among nonusers [P<0.05]. The level of substance abuse was severe in 77% of users. No significant differences were found among the substances, with the exception of alcohol. Substance abuse is an important risk factor for burn patients. In addition, this study showed that DAST-20 is a valid screening measure for studies on burn patients

Simultaneous Measurement of two Serum Markers [CA-125 and HE-4] while diagnosing malignant ovarian epithelial tumors

To evaluate the benefits of simultaneous measurement of CA-125 and HE-4 markers while diagnosing malignant epithelial tumors in the ovary. By this, the combined measurement of serum markers will possibly add to the accuracy of diagnosing such ovarian tumor. Performing a cross- sectional study on 87 women with ovarian mass, serum levels of CA125 and HE4 markers were measured before surgery or biopsy. In the wake of the surgery or biopsy, the results obtained from these tests were compared and analyzed with pathological report. The average serum level of CA-125 and HE-4 serum was notably higher in women with ovarian malignancy than in those with benignancy [CA-125: 502 vs. 19.3 v/ml, P < 0.001- HE4: 195 vs. 15.8 P mol/L, P < 0.001]. As the disease stage rises, the level of these markers increases significantly. The two markers were also directly proportionate. [r = 0.85 and P < 0.001]. There is also a meaningful difference between the levels of markers, specifically HE-4, in epithelial and non-epithelial tumors of ovary [HE-4: 195 vs. 93 P mol/L P < 0.001]. The simultaneous measurement of CA-125 and HE-4 increases the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing malignant epithelial tumors in ovary, compared with one- by- one measurement guideline. The sensitivity and specificity of simultaneous measurement of CA125 and HE4 for diagnosing epithelial ovarian cancer were calculated to be 99.5% and 100%, respectively. Simultaneous measurement of CA-125 and HE-4 increases the sensitivity and keep the specificity still high in diagnosing malignant epithelial tumors in ovary, compared with one-by-one measurement system