Suppressive effects of Rosa damascena essential oil on naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal signs in male mice

This research was done to test the effect of Rosa damascena essential oil on withdrawal signs of naloxone-precipitated morphine in male mice. Morphine dependence was induced by injection [IP] three times daily at doses of 50, 50 and 75 mg/kg, respectively, for 3 days. On day 4, after the last administration of morphine, Rosa damascena essential oil was administered at different concentrations [5, 2 and 40%, IP] 30 min before administration of naloxone [5 mg/kg, IP]. The following actions were taken as signs of withdrawal and records taken for jumping as a number and scores of 0 to 3 were given for incidences of grooming, teeth chattering, rearing, writing, diarrhea, wet dog shakes and climbing during a 30 min period. Results showed that different concentrations of Rosa damascena essential oil significantly reduced signs of morphine withdrawal compared to the control group in terms of number of jumps [p < 0.05 and p < 0.01], grooming, teeth chattering, rearing, climbing, wet dog shakes and writhing, but not for diarrhea [p < 0.05]. In conclusion it seems that GABAergic activity induced by flavonoids from Rosa damascena essential oil can alleviate signs of morphine withdrawal, but further studies need to be done to better understand this mechanism

Application of Burn's wean assessment program on the duration of mechanical ventilation among patients in intensive care units: a clinical trial

Weaning decision for the patients on a mechanical ventilation [MV] device is often made based on personal judgments and experiences, which results in longer MV length of stay and higher costs. Therefore, the present study aimed to the effect of application of Burn's wean assessment program on MV length of stay among the patients hospitalized in intensive care units [ICUs]. This is a clinical trial in which 50 patients connected to mechanical ventilators for more than 48 h were selected through convenient sampling and were randomly divided into two groups of 25 subjects. Burn's wean assessment program was employed in study group, while weaning was assessed by a physician in control group. The findings were analyzed by descriptive [frequency distribution, mean and SD] and inferential [independent t test, Chi square, Fisher's exact test, and Mann Whitney] statistical tests. The findings showed that length of MV was 134.2 [20.5] h which was significantly less than the control [P = 0.03]. The results showed that application of Burn's wean assessment by the nurses to assess patients' readiness for weaning from the ventilator is a safe method in day time and shortens the length of MV in ICUs compared to the routine methods.