Comparing the Effect of Cognitive Therapy and Spiritual Therapy on Depression between Iranian Students Residing in Iran and India.

Introduction: Cognitive therapy is a well accepted treatment option for patients suffering from depressive disorders. Spiritual well-being is a central component of psychological health. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to compare the effect of cognitive and spiritual therapy on depression between Iranian Students residing in Iran and India. Methods: 64 female students ranging in the age of 18 to 45 years were selected from counselling centres from India and Iran. 32 students having higher depressive scores were administered cognitive therapy and spiritual therapy using a purposive random sampling technique. Pre and post treatment assessments of depression scores was done using Beck’s Depressing Inventory. Results: Our findings indicated that spiritual therapy is more effective than cognitive therapy in Iranian female students residing in India and Iran. Conclusion: Culture plays a significant role in treatment options that the patient chooses and accepts.

Test Norms of Happiness of Students of Tehran University.

Introduction: A variety of biological, psychological, religious, and philosophical approaches have striven to define happiness and identify its sources. The evolutionary perspective offers an alternative approach to understand what happiness or quality of life is about. Aims and Objectives: Aim of this analytical and introductory research is to get validation and assessment of validity and reliability of happiness test among the university students of Tehran-the city of Iran. Method: The persons who had been assessed and analyzed in this research were 724 students. 116 persons were involved for administrative works of this research and 608 persons (304 girls, 304 boys) from various departments of university. Results: The measurement of validity coefficient of entire questionnaire at the stage of execution with the Cronbach’s alpha method was 0/8545 and the validity of subtest of positive thinking, optimism, extravert personality, less expectations, close relations, dropping the negative feelings, to get the perfect personality, realism and full of energy were 8219/0, 6608/0, 4661/0, 5705/0, 4969/0, 3518/0, 2934/0, 1816/0 respectively. Conclusion: we can say that happiness test has high construct reliability.