RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the severity caused by button batteries in esophagus. Methods: A total of 32 patients admitted with ingesting button batteries were retrospectively evaluated. Chest X-ray was ordered for diagnosis. Hospital stays, interventions, complications and mortality of the patients were collected. The time between the patients ingested the buton battery and its removal was defined as its duration in esophagus. All the patients underwent rigid esophagoscopy under general anaesthesia. Buton batteries at the first narrowing were removed by magyl clamp. Results: Of 32 patients, 21 were females, with a mean age of 22 months. The mean duration of ingestion was 17 hours. The mean hospital stay was 10 days. Of the patients, 75% were admitted within 24 hours. Complication rate was 19% and mortality rate was 6%. There was a strong correlation among the number of the cases and the coming years (p < 0.001). The regression was between the number of cases per year (outcome variable) and the years of the study (explanatory variable), (p< 0.001, R = 0.644, Figure 3). There was a significant finding that more cases (90%) were admitted in the last 12 years compared with the number in first 12 years (p < 0.001). There were no complications in cases in which the button battery was impacted in esophagus for less than 24 hours; however, eight cases whose duration was more than 24 hours resulted in complications in six patients and fatality in two patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Batteries should be removed upon its diagnosis. Otherwise, the injury in the esophageal mucosa may be caused by delay and can cause an increase in morbidity and mortality.
RESUMEN
Objectives: Delayed healing and non-union of fractures have a significant effect upon patient morbidity. Studies have therefore largely concentrated on accelerating fracture healing. This study was intended to compare the effect of ''mad honey'' and propolis on fracture healing using radiological and histopathological analysis
Subjects and Methods: Femur fracture was surgically performed on 48 rats, followed by fixation. Animals were then divided into 8 groups: 2 control groups [15- and 30-day] and 6 treatment groups [15- and 30-day normal honey, 15- and 30-day ''mad honey'' and 15- and 30-day propolis]. Rats were sacrificed at the end of these periods, and radiological and histological examinations were performed
Results: Radiological healing in the propolis group after 15-day therapy was statistically better than in the control [p = 0.004] and normal honey [p = 0.006] groups. After 30-day therapy, healing in the propolis group [p = 0.005] and grayanotoxin-containing ''mad honey'' group [p = 0.007] were significantly better than in the control group. Histologically, there was a statistically significant difference between the 15-day propolis group and the other groups [control, honey, mad honey: p = 0.003, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively]. We also found a statistically significant difference when the 30-day propolis group [p = 0.005] and ''mad honey'' group [p = 0.007] were compared to the control group
Conclusions: This study shows that grayanotoxin-containing mad honey and propolis can accelerate fracture healing