RESUMEN
Objectives@#To measure tympanic bone thickness (anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, and inferior wall), external ear canal length, and tympanomandibular distance that can be useful in cases that undergo tympanic bone resection. @*Materials and Methods@#The temporal computed tomography (CT) images of 349 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The anterior-inferior, anterior-superior, and inferior wall thicknesses; tympanomandibular distance; and external auditory canal (EAC) bone canal length were measured from the narrowest part of the canal. The shapes of the EAC in the coronal and sagittal planes were also examined. @*Results@#The numbers of female and male patients were similar, and the mean age was 49.45±13.95 years. The anterior-superior, anterior-inferior, and inferior wall thicknesses were 1.92±0.60, 2.54±0.74, and 9.16±2.20 mm, respectively. The anterior-superior and anterior-inferior wall thicknesses and canal lengths were greater on the right side (P<0.001). All measurement values were higher in males, except right tympanomandibular distance (P<0.05). A non-significant negative correlation was found between the age of the participants and the left anterior-inferior wall and tympanomandibular distance on both sides. Intra-observer agreement was high for all measurements. We observed four main shapes in the external ear canal in the coronal plane: Type 3, Type 2, Type 1, and Type 4 in order of frequency on the right, and Type 2, Type 3, Type 1, and Type 4 on the left. In the sagittal plane, we detected three shapes: oval (74.4%), triangular (16.3%), and round (9.4%). @*Conclusion@#The anterior wall thicknesses and tympanomandibular distance should be measured on preoperative temporal bone CT to safely perform tympanic bone anterior resection, which is required in some otological procedures, and also to prevent temporomandibular joint damage.
RESUMEN
To determine incidence of abnormal reflux flow [ARF] in legs of cirrhotic patients by Doppler ultrasonography [DUS]. We prospectively studied 100 patients and 56 controls from the Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University Eskisehir, Turkey, between January 2010 and December 2011. We classified the legs according to the Clinical Etiology Anatomy Pathophysiology [CEAP] scores. Lower extremity superficial and deep veins were examined in supine position by DUS for ARF. Reflux flows more than 1000 msec were considered as abnormal. Abnormal reflux flow was classified in 3 categories as superficial [SARF], deep [DARF], and SARF and/or DARF [ARF]. We also performed abdominal DUS to depict anterior abdominal collateral and paraumbilical vein. Statistical analysis was carried out by using analysis of variance with Tukey test, t-test, and correlation coefficient analysis. Percentages of SARF in patients were 56%, DARF 52%, and ARF 58%. Correlation analysis showed association between SARF or DARF or ARF and cirrhosis [p=0.002, p=0.000, p=0.001]. Patients were distributed within CEAP 1 to CEAP 4. There was an association between SARF or DARF and CEAP 1 [p=0.007, p=0.000] or CEAP 2 [p=0.004, p=0.041] or CEAP 4 [p=0.022, p=0.90]. We showed no correlation between CEAP 3 and SARF or DARF. There were also correlation between paraumbilical vein and SARF [p=0.015]. Cirrhotic patients increased incidence of ARF at lower extremity veins and CEAP classification creates and provides essential information