Parasitic Enteropathogens In Hiv Seropositive Patients In Relation To Cd4 Count At A Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Parasitic Entero pathogens causing diarrhoea is considered as one of the major health problems in HIV infected patients especially those with AIDS. The knowledge of prevalence of these pathogens in a particular area can guide clinicians to provide early clinical management in HIV-associated diarrhea.Objectives: The primary objec-tive of this study was to study the prevalence of parasitic enteropathogens and compare the intestinal parasitic path-ogens in HIV infected diarrhoeal (acute and chronic) and in HIV infected non diarrheal patients and to elucidate the relation between CD4 counts and intestinal parasitic infections Materials and Methods: This study was conducted between Nov 2016 and November 2017 in the Department of Microbiology. Stool samples from 105 HIV seropositive cases with diarrhea and without diarrhea were examined by routine parasitological laboratory procedures. CD4 testing was done to know the CD4 cell count. Results:Out of 105 cases of HIV seropositive cases 15 cases had acute diarrhea, 66 cases had chronic diarrhea and 24 HIV seropositive cases were without diarrhea. Enteric pathogens were detected in 48 (45.7%) number of patients. Isosporasp. was the most common parasite. Other parasites includ-ed Ancylostoma duodenaleand Entamoeba histolytica. The diarrheal HIV-positive patients had lower mean CD4 counts as compared to those without diarrhea. Conclusions: Identification of the etiological agent of diarrhea in pa-tients with HIV/ AIDS is very important as it can help in the initiation of appropriate therapy which helps in reduction of morbidity and mortality in these patients.

A three year retrospective study on the increasing trend in seroprevalence of dengue infection from southern Odisha, India.

Background & objectives: In Odisha, several cases of dengue virus infection were detected for the first time in 2010, the importance of dengue as a serious mosquito-borne viral infection was felt only in 2011 with the reporting of many more positive cases. This retrospective three year study was done to find out the seroprevalence of dengue Igm antibody and to know the predominant serotype of dengue virus among the patients suspected to have dengue virus infection in a tertiary care hospital in southern Odisha, India. Methods: Blood samples from clinically suspected dengue cases admitted in the Medicine and Paediatrics departments of a tertiary care hospital were collected. These were processed for detection of dengue specific IgM antibody, carried out by the ELISA method. Dengue IgM antibody positive serum samples were tested for serotypic identification. Results: of the 5102 samples tested, 1074 (21.05 %) were positive for dengue IgM. Maximum numbers of cases were found in 2012. Majority (47.86 %) of cases were detected in the month of September. The most common affected age group was 11 to 20 yr. DENV1 and DENV2 were the detected serotypes. Interpretation & conclusions: Rapid increase in the dengue cases in 2012 became a public health concern as majority of cases were affecting the young adolescents. Most of the cases were reported in post-monsoon period indicating a need for acceleration of vector control programmes prior to arrival of monsoon.

Incidence of Bacterial Enternopathogens Among Hospitalized Children Less Than 5 Years with Diarrhoea in Southern Orissa.

Bacteriological analysis of 1661 stool samples from children (<5 years) with diarrhoea who have been admitted to 3 different hospitals of Southern Orissa from Jan 2007 to Dec 2010 was carried out using standard procedures. Among all the samples, enteropathogens were isolated in 1199 culture positive samples wherein Escherichia coli was isolated in 927 cases( including 136 pathogenic Escherichia coli),Vibrio cholerae O1 in 174 samples; Shigella spp in 50 samples; Salmonella spps.in 18 samples, Klebsiella pneumoniae in 5 samples. The isolation of bacterial enteropathogens was highest during July 2008 followed by August 2006 and Cholera cases were isolated more during rainy season. Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates were resistant to co- trimoxazole, furazolidone and nalidixic acid. Many of the Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains showed varying resistance to ampicillin, furazolidone, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid. Shigella spp. and Salmonella spp also showed varying resistance patterns. More studies are necessary to evaluate the contribution of enteropathogens in causing diarrhoeal diseases and to define the changing antibiogram patterns in this region.

Pyopericardium due to infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis - A rare case report.

Summary: Pyopericardium or purulent pericarditis is a rare entity but usually associated with a high mortality. We report a case of 30-year-old male presenting with pyopericardium due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The patient was treated with Anti-tubercular therapy (ATT) alongwith pericardiocentesis and pericardiectomy. The patient responded well to treatment and recovered completely in due course of time.