RESUMEN
Sialolithiasis is a common salivary gland disease which has highest predilection rate in submandibular followed by parotid and sublingual glands. It results in mechanical obstruction of the salivary gland duct. The unique anatomy of the submandibular gland duct facilitates the deposition of mineral salts and leads to the formation of stones. We are presenting a unique case of submandibular calculus which was completely asymptomatic. On 2[nd] day after a mandibular incisor tooth extraction, patient presented with some hard object in her mouth. The stone was removed intraorally through the duct opening under local anaesthesia
RESUMEN
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and shape of torus palatinus and to assess its gender and age-related differences in the population of Karachi, the metropolitan city of Pakistan
Methodology: This was a cross sectional study with non-probability convenience sampling method conducted at Bahria University Medical and Dental College [BUMDC], Karachi. The presence of tori was observed by clinical examination and palpation. The shape was also investigated by presence or absence and classified as flat, spindle and nodular shaped tori. The data was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science version 23. The Chi-square test was used to test for group differences of sex and age association with the prevalence of tori. Difference between groups with P <0.05 was considered significant
Results: A total of 1203 patients were screened in which torus palatinus was found in 141 [11.7%] patients. Present study findings showed torus palatinus was more prevalent in males 76 [53.9%]. It was dominant in 31-60 years of age group [47.5%] with significant P=0.000. Shapes of torus palatinus were compared with gender in which flat shape was more frequent in both male and female with significant P-value of 0.015
Conclusion: Torus Palatinus is a rare bony exostosis of the oral cavity. Even though, it is an asymptomatic anatomical variation it expresses itself in unique shapes and patterns. The prevalence varies with respect to age and gender
RESUMEN
To observe the frequency of hepatitis B and C in cases of liver cirrhosis. This descriptive study was conducted in all the Medical wards of Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur from June 2005 to May 2006. One hundred cases of liver cirrhosis presented through out patient or emergency department in the medicine department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Out of 100 patients, 59 [59%] were male and 41[41%] were female. Majority of the patients [80%] were 20 to 59 years old. HBsAg was positive in 28 [28%] patients, HCV RNA in 43 [43%], both HBsAg and HCV RNA were positive in 06 [06%] and negative in 23 [23%] cases. Most of the patients [46%] were in grade "B" of Modified Child Pugh's classifications, Among them 20 were HCV RNA positive and 15 HBsAg positive, While 20 [20%] were in grade "A" and 34 patients [34%] in grade "C". The risk factors for transmission of HBV and HCV infection were identified in 43% of cases. Chronic HCV is a leading cause of cirrhosis in Bahawalpur, followed by chronic HBV infection. Both the viruses in combination account for about three fourth of the total cirrhotics