[Short-time outcome predictors of bipolar disorder type I in children and adolescents]

This study aimed to evaluate the three and six month clinical and demographic outcome predictors [recurrence rate, the rate of hospitalization, severity of illness and recovery rates] in a group of children and adolescents with type I bipolar disorders. The participants of this longitudinal and prospective study were 80 children and adolescents admitted in Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran, Iran with a diagnosis of type I bipolar disorder. Consecutive referrals were included in a prospective cohort. The participants were evaluated at admission, discharge, and follow-up at 3 and 6 months, using demographic questionnaire, Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Present and Lifetime Version-Persian Version [K-SADS-PL-PV], Young Mania Rating Scale [Y-MRS], Children Depression Inventory [CDI], Beck Depression Inventory [BDI], and Clinical Global Impression [CGI]. The Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regressions were used for data analysis. The 6-month follow-up showed that there was a positive correlation between the severity of mania with male gender [p=0.01] and the severity of mania at admission [p=0.04]. The rate of recurrence at the 6-month follow-up was correlated [p=0.05, r=0.22] with psychosis at admission. The duration of untreated disorder [p=0.03] had a positive correlation with the severity of global impairment at the 6 month follow-up. This study confirms the role of some demographic and clinical features in predicting the course of disease and response to treatment

Effect of cognitive processing therapy and holographic reprocessing on reduction of posttraumatic cognitions in students exposed to trauma

This research was conducted to examine the effect of cognitive processing therapy and holographic reprocessing on the reduction of posttraumatic cognitions in students exposed to trauma. This was an experimental study with spread pretest-posttest randomized groups design. Statistical society of this research consisted of male freshman, junior and senior high school students of Uremia [N=10286]. Utilizing Traumatic Events Screening Inventory, and SCL-90 R on 1000 randomly selected high school students, 129 students were recognized as having experienced traumatic events. Of the subjects, 60 were selected randomly. Then, clinical interview was conducted, and the selected sample was randomly assigned in to three groups of cognitive processing therapy, holographic reprocessing and control. These groups responded to Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory in pretest and post test. Differences of pre-post test scores were analyzed using one way ANOVA and Scheffe test. The results demonstrated significant differences between the three groups in total score of the Posttraumatic Cognition Inventory. Difference was also observed in negative cognitions on self and self-blame dimensions. Furthermore, these two therapeutic methods were equally effective in the reduction of posttraumatic cognitions. It appears that cognitive processing therapy and holographic reprocessing which had been originally developed and tested for sexually assaulted females, can also be applied for the victims of other traumatic events, particularly adolescents