Urinary tract infection; an old disease in the new age

To document the common microorganisms causing UTI in human and their resistance to currently used antibiotics. PMRC, Research Center Khyber Medical College Peshawar. Retrospective analytical study. Jan 2000 to June 2003. Evaluation results of 597 urine cultures performed during the period, on clinically suspected referred subjects. Bacterial growth was obtained in 35% samples. Common micro organisms in decreasing order of yield are E. CoIi, Klebsiella, Staph aureus, Proteus species and pseudomonas isolated from 80, 7.1, 5. and 1.5% samples respectively. 100% sensitivity is observed for imipenum. Efficacy next in decreasing order was for Amikacin, Tarivid, Ciproxin and Rocephin. Esch. Coli is the predominant etiological organism of UTI and imipenum is the drug of choice to which over 80% of all the different organisms are sensitive. Constantly changing sensitivity pattern of the organisms responsible for UTI demands a periodic check for better selection of drug and reduction of consequences of the disease

Primary drug resistance of mycobacterium tuberculosis to antituberculosis drugs

Thirty two positive sputa from 104 untreated cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, were tested for sensitivities against antituberculosis drugs. Twenty four were positive on direct smear as well as culture while 8 were only culture positive. Nine [28%] were resistant to Isoniazid, 3 [9.4%] to Streptomycin and 2 [6.3%] were resistant to both the drugs. All the 32 were sensitive to Rifampicin and Ethambutol

Usefulness of antibiotics for prevention of post-operative wound infection

A randomized trial was conducted in the Surgical Unit of Khyber Hospital, Peshawar to evaluate the role of prophylactic use of antibiotics in preventing post-operative wound infection among surgical patients. The study was intended as a pilot project, which might suggest the need fur further investigation or at least offer some evidence for or against the routine prophylactic use of antibiotics. A group of 95 patients of varying age and socio-economic background, who were operated upon by surgeons of comparable experience, were carefully studied and followed upto five weeks post-operatively. Among the study group, which received antibiotics during post-operative period 15% developed wound infection, whereas in control group which did not receive any antibiotic only 6% developed wound infection. This study failed to demonstrate any benefit which may cuni pensate for the discomfort, expenses and possible dangers associated with the prophylatic use of antibiotics following most surgical procedures

Microflora in pregnancy

Three hundred high vaginal swabs from pregnant women were cultured to investigate the vaginal flora during pregnancy. Two hundred swabs obtained from a private clinic were cultured aerobically for bacteria only; the remaining 100 from antenatal clinic of Khyber Hospital Peshawar were cultured both aerobically and anaerobically for bacteria and fungi [candida]. Vaginal smears from patients in antenatal clinic were also examined for the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis.The organisms isolated were streptococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, staphlococcus aureus, streptococcus agalactiae pseudomonas aeruginesa and Candida albicans. Candida albiicans was the most common organism isolated. Staphlococcus epidermidis was the only pathogenic growth obtained. Trichomonas vaginalis was observed in only 5 mears. The only anaerobic growth was that of gram positive cocci

Quality of drinking water in rural areas

A total of 106 water samples from various sources of drinking water in villages around the University campus, were taken for bacteriological examination. A topographical examination was also carried out and recorded in a proforma. The results of the study show that water from open wells and earthenware pitchers [used as storage containers] was grossly contaminated with Escherichia coli and Streptococcus faecalis. The samples taken from tubewelis [through taps] and hand-pumped wells were also contaminated, but to a lesser degree. The surrounding of the water sources were unhygienic and therefore faecal contamination was liable to occur continuously