RESUMEN
Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of titanium surface nanotopography on the initial bacterial adhesion process by in vivo and in vitro study models. Titanium disks were produced and characterized according to their surface topography: machined (Ti-M), microtopography (Ti-Micro), and nanotopography (Ti-Nano). For the in vivo study, 18 subjects wore oral acrylic splints containing 2 disks from each group for 24 h (n = 36). After this period, the disks were removed from the splints and evaluated by microbial culture method, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and qPCR for quantification of Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, as well as total bacteria. For the in vitro study, adhesion tests were performed with the species S. oralis and A. naeslundii for 24 h. Data were compared by ANOVA, with Tukey's post-test. Regarding the in vivo study, both the total aerobic and total anaerobic bacteria counts were similar among groups (p > 0.05). In qPCR, there was no difference among groups of bacteria adhered to the disks (p > 0.05), except for A. naeslundii, which was found in lower proportions in the Ti-Nano group (p < 0.05). In the SEM analysis, the groups had a similar bacterial distribution, with a predominance of cocci and few bacilli. In the in vitro study, there was no difference in the adhesion profile for S. oralis and A. naeslundii after 24 h of biofilm formation (p > 0.05). Thus, we conclude that micro- and nanotopography do not affect bacterial adhesion, considering an initial period of biofilm formation.
RESUMEN
A crise humanitária no território Yanomami, agravada nos últimos anos com a invasão de atividades de garimpo, revela uma trama de fatores sociais, ambientais e políticos, que resultaram numa 'emergência' sanitária e humanitária, em seus diversos sentidos. O fluxo contínuo de levantamento de dados, a análise da situação e a comunicação de riscos é que podem revelar o contexto em que essa emergência ocorre e permitir a intervenção oportuna na crise. Nesta nota, procuramos identificar potencialidades e limitações dos dados existentes, informações e estratégias de comunicação voltadas para emergências de saúde.
The humanitarian crisis in the Yanomami territory, exacerbated in recent years by the invasion of mining activities, reveals a set of social, environmental and political factors that resulted in a health and humanita-rian 'emergency' in its various meanings. Only the continuous flow of data collection, situation analysis and risk communication can unveil the context in which this emergency occurs and allow appropriate interven-tion in the crisis. In this note, we seek to identify the potential and limitations of available data, information and communication strategies related to health emergencies.
La crisis humanitaria en el territorio Yanomami, agudizada en los últimos años por la invasión de las ac-tividades de minerías, revela un conjunto de factores sociales, ambientales y políticos, que resultan en la 'emergencia' sanitaria y humanitaria, en sus diversas acepciones. El flujo continuo de recopilación de datos, el análisis de la situación y la comunicación de riesgos es que pueden desvelar el contexto en el que se produce esta emergencia y permitir la intervención oportuna en la crisis. En esta nota, buscamos iden-tificar el potencial y las limitaciones de los datos existentes, informaciones y estrategias de comunicación relacionadas con las emergencias sanitarias.