RESUMEN
Sperm sexing aims to separate sperm populations in carriers of the "X" or "Y" chromosome. Currently, flow cytometry is a technique that allows greater accuracy; however, it causes structural changes in sperm, reduces viability, and has a high cost. As a result, other methods have been researched, including immunosexing, which uses monoclonal antibodies to detect sex-specific surface antigens. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the immunosexing technique using a monoclonal antibody against sex-specific protein (HY) in the conservation of ram and goat semen in ACP101/102c. Ejaculates from five rams and five goats were collected with the aid of an artificial vagina; they were evaluated and submitted to the immunosexing protocol, according to the manufacturer's recommendations, using the Monoclonal Antibody Kit specific for mammalian sperm with "Y" chromosomes (HY; HY Biotechnology, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil). After sexing, the supernatant was resuspended in the cryopreservation diluent: ACP ram (ACP101/102c + 20% egg yolk + 7% glycerol) and ACP goat (ACP101/102c + 2.5% egg yolk + 7% glycerol), packaged in 0.25 mL straws, refrigerated at 4°C, stabilized for 30 min, frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor (-60°C) for 15 min, immersed in liquid nitrogen, and stored in cryogenic cylinders. The samples were evaluated in natura (T1), after immunosexing (T2) and after thawing (T3) for sperm motility subjectively using conventional microscopy (40x). Plasma membrane integrity (IMP) and sperm cell morphology were evaluated by the smear staining technique using eosin-nigrosine dye, and the percentages of healthy and morphologically defect spermatozoa were determined. In the evaluation of ram semen regarding sperm motility and IMP, no statistically significant differences were observed between treatments after sexing in the evaluation of absolute data (P > 0.05), with the difference being observed only between T1 and T2, and T3 (P < 0.05). Regarding the relative percentage and sperm morphology, no statistically significant differences were observed (P > 0.05). Regarding the evaluation of goat semen samples, the motility parameters were consistent with the technique submitted; however, the IMP data did not appear as expected, requiring further evaluation for a better assessment of the technique for this species. The data obtained from ram semen submitted to the immunosexing protocol, regarding the absolute evaluation of motility and IMP, demonstrated that the non-sexed semen (T1) was superior to the sexed treatments (T2 and T3); however, it is noteworthy that freezing started with approximately 50% of the cells, since the immunosexing technique results in a loss of viability of approximately 50% of the sperm, which corresponds to the ratio of sperm carrying the X chromosome. In addition, when the data in this study were transformed into relative values, no statistical differences were observed, indicating that the immunosexing protocol, as well as the freezing protocol, did not significantly affect the quality of ram sperm cells. In relation to the immunosexing of goat semen, future studies should be conducted in vitro to define a more appropriate protocol for the species and, in addition, in vivo studies should be performed to prove the quality of the technique. It was concluded that the immunosexing process using a monoclonal antibody against sex-specific protein (HY) associated with the use of powdered coconut water diluent (ACP101/102c) in the cryopreservation of semen proved to be efficient in the in vitro evaluation of ovine species.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Semen , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo/métodos , Análisis para Determinación del Sexo/veterinaria , Rumiantes , Ovinos , Criopreservación/tendencias , Técnicas In VitroRESUMEN
Na postura padrão, a coluna apresenta curvaturas normais e os ossos dos membros inferiores ficam em alinhamento. Quando o componente estrutural é alterado, o corpo humano modifica-se para desempenhar tal situação da melhor forma possível, o que pode ocasionar em um desvio postural. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a postura e seus comprometimentos em discentes de um curso de Fisioterapia, traçando o perfil clínico socioeconômico, conhecendo os comprometimentos posturais dos participantes da pesquisa. Tratou-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo realizado entre os meses de agosto de 2015 a junho de 2016, no Centro Universitário Estácio do Ceará com 32 discentes do curso de Fisioterapia. Os dados foram coletados através de uma ficha de avaliação postural desenvolvida para o inquérito e analisada no programa Excel® 2013 e confrontados com a literatura vigente sobre o assunto. O gênero feminino foi predominante em 75% da amostra. Em relação ao estado civil dos participantes, 87,5% eram solteiros. A média de idade foi de 24,4 anos. Em relação ao Índice de Massa Corpórea, foi evidenciado que 28 participantes (87,5%) apresentaram um peso normal, de acordo com sua altura e peso. Para verificar a presença de escoliose, foi realizado o Teste de Adams. Evidenciou-se que 72% dos participantes apresentaram gibosidade, 12,50% apresentaram gibosidade lombar, 43,75% apresentaram gibosidade torácica e 15,63% apresentaram gibosidade toracolombar. A maioria dos estudantes apresentou escoliose. No entanto, estudos com uma amostra maior devem ser realizados, a fim de que resultados mais abrangentes possam ser obtidos. (AU)
In the standard posture, the spine has normal curvatures and the bones of the lower limbs are in alignment. When the structural component is changed, the human body changes to perform this situation in the best possible way, which can cause a postural deviation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the posture and its commitments in students of a Physical therapy course, tracing the socioeconomic clinical profile, knowing the postural impairments of the participants. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study carried out between August 2015 and June 2016, at the Estácio do Ceará University Center with 32 students. The data were collected through a postural assessment form developed for the survey and analyzed using the Excel® program and compared with the current literature. The female gender was predominant in 75% of the sample. Regarding the participants' marital status, 87.5% were single. The average age was 24.4 years. Regarding the Body Mass Index, it was evidenced that 28 participants (87.5%) had a normal weight, according to their height. To test for the presence of scoliosis, the Adams Test was performed. 72% of the participants presented gibosity, 12.50% lumbar gibosity, 43.75% thoracic gibosity and 15.63% thoraco-lumbar gibosity. Most of the students had scoliosis. However, studies with a larger sample should be carried out to obtain more accurate results. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Postura , Escoliosis , Modalidades de FisioterapiaRESUMEN
Introdução: A má postura caracteriza-se pela relação defeituosa entre as várias partes do corpo que produz uma maior tensão nas estruturas de apoio. Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de alterações posturais da coluna vertebral em alunos do ensino fundamental de duas escolas, uma da rede privada e outra da rede pública, do município de Quixadá/CE. Métodos: Avaliaram-se 40 alunos voluntários de ambas as escolas, sendo 48% do sexo masculino e 52% do sexo feminino, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos. Analisaram-se com ajuda de bolas de isopor sobrepostas nos principais relevos anatômicos e em seguida fotografias, nas quatro vistas, anterior, posterior, lateral esquerda e lateral direita, de forma estática, posicionados atrás do simetrógrafo, analisando através do software Coreldraw, marcando as alterações mais evidentes. Resultados: Demonstraram a saúde deficiente da coluna vertebral em escolares, com a identificação de várias alterações posturais, sendo mais prevalente na instituição da rede municipal de Quixadá/CE. Sendo elas: hipercifose, desequilíbrio pélvico, desequilíbrio escapular, inclinação lateral cervical, anteriorização cervical e elevação unilateral do ombro. Entretanto, os alunos da instituição da rede privada apresentaram as mesmas alterações, sendo em um menor índice. Conclusão: Observou-se que o fator socioeconômico das instituições e dos alunos que as compõe pode provocar futuras alterações posturais, devido às mobílias e a forma de transporte de materiais serem inadequadas. O estudo sugere a presença de um fisioterapeuta no ambiente escolar onde seria possível intervir na evolução dessas alterações e a fixação dos desvios, visando o trabalho preventivo e educacional. (AU)
Introduction: Bad posture is characterized by the defective relationship between the various parts of the body that produces a greater tension in the supporting structures. Objective: To compare the prevalence of postural alterations of the spine in elementary school students from two schools, one private and another public, from the municipality of Quixadá/CE. Methods: A total of 40 students from both schools were evaluated, 48% male and 52% female, aged 11 to 15 years. We analyzed with the aid of styrofoam balls overlapped in the main anatomical reliefs and then photographied, in the four views, anterior, posterior, left lateral and right lateral, in a static way, positioned behind the symetrograph, analyzing through Coreldraw software, marking the most evident changes. Results: The results showed poor health of the spine in schoolchildren, with the identification of several postural alterations, being more prevalent in the public institution. These include: hyperkyphosis, pelvic imbalance, scapular imbalance, cervical lateral inclination, anterior cervical and unilateral shoulder elevation. However, the students from the private institution showed the same changes, but in a lower level. Conclusion: We observed that the socioeconomic factor of institutions and students can cause future postural alterations, due to the furniture and the inadequate way of transportation of school materials. The study suggests the presence of a physiotherapist in the school environment where it would be possible to modify the evolution of these alterations and the establishment of deviations, aiming at preventive and educational work. (AU)