RESUMEN
Background: Maculopathy is a common complication of retinitis pigmentosa [RP], and compromise the visual acuity of RP patients even in the less advanced stages
Aim: To report the morphological macular findings detected by spectral domain optical coherence tomography [SD-OCT] and to determine their prevalence in patients with retinitis pigmentosa [RP]
Methods: SD-OCT scans from 100 patients [196 eyes] affected by RP were reviewed
Results: We noted a normal macula appearance in 48.5%, macular edema in 14.5% and macular atrophy in 37%. Mean central macular thickness was 167.79 microns and we did not note any statistically significant correlation between visual acuity and foveal thickness. Visual acuity was statistically better in eyes with a larger number of hyper-reflective layers [p<0.001] and in eyes with photoreceptor inner/outer [IS/OS] segment junction distinct [p<0.001]. We have identified three types of tomographic macular edema: a cystoids macular edema in 6.8%, a tractional edema in 8.2% and mixed edema in 1%. We identified two tomographic types of macular atrophy: a central- foveal atrophy in 34 eyes [11.6%] and diffuse atrophy in 38 eyes [12.9%]. Epiretinal membrane was present in 24 eyes [8.2%]
Conclusions: The OCT contributes to the analysis of epidemiological and morphological of different macular involvement in RP. OCT has a prognostic value, which essentially depends on the morphology of the IS/OS line and number of hyper-reflective layers