Socio demographic characteristics of male heroin addicts

Current descriptive study on heroin addiction in Karachi, Pakistan was conducted to explore the socio demographic characteristics of male addicts who belong to lower socioeconomic status. Descriptive study. Karachi, Pakistan. The sample of 306 heroin addicts was taken from Karachi, Pakistan. Detailed interviews were conducted according to the form developed by researchers. Means, standard deviations and percentages were calculated by using SPSS [V.12]. The results indicate that mean age of the sample was 32.87 [range- 10-70 years]. The majority of [62%] individuals had gotten education below 5[th] grade, 42 [13.72%] had gotten education till 5[th] grade. 58.2% of addicts were single. The mean of total duration of drug use in our sample was 11.99 years [range= 1-41 years]. 34.3% of addicts were involved in different crimes and were arrested. In overall sample 51% were involved in pre marital and extra marital sexual relations

Self concept in intellectually gifted secondary school children

The objective of the present research was to investigate the difference of self concept between intellectually gifted and non-gifted secondary school children. Comparative Study. different private secondary schools of Karachi. Duration of the study was from May, 2008 to April, 2009. After detailed review of literature the following hypothesis was formulated: there would be a significant difference between intellectually gifted and non-gifted secondary school children on the variable of positive self. The sample consisted of 197 secondary school children, recruited from different private sector secondary schools of Karachi, including 93 [47.20%] children intellectually gifted [IQ = 130 and above] and 104 [52.80%] non-gifted secondary school children [IQ of 90 -109]. The age range of the entire sample was from 12 years to 16 years [Mean age = 14.09 years]. Their minimum education was grade seventh [7] and maximum education was grade tenth [10]. The sample belonged to middle and upper socioeconomic status. The measures used in the research included, Personal Information Form, Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scale[1], that was administered to assess the intellectual functioning and Reynolds Adolescent Adjustment Screening Inventory[2], that was administered to assess the self concept of the participants. The results showed a significant difference between intellectual gifted and non gifted secondary school children on the variable of positive self [df =195, t=7.615, p<.05]

General self efficacy and perceived social support in psychiatric patients

To determine the difference between the Psychiatric patients and normal group on the variable of General Self-Efficacy and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support A between group design. Psychiatric out patients including depressive and anxiety disorders were selected. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that, 1] Psychiatric patients would score lower on the variable of general self-efficacy as compared to control group; and 2] Psychiatric patients would score lower on the variable of perceived social support as compared to control group. The sample consisted of two groups with equal number of psychiatric patients [n 30] and normal participants [n=30]. Each group comprised of equal number of males and females. The age range of both groups was from 25 to 40 years and minimum educational level was Matric [10 years of study]. General Self Efficacy Scale1 and Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale[2] were administered to assess the level of self efficacy and social support of psychiatric patients and normal group respectively, [t] test was applied to determine difference between psychiatric patients and normal group on the variable of general self efficacy and perceived social support. results showed the significant difference between Psychiatric patients and normal group on the variable of general self efficacy [t=8.132, df:=58, p < .05] and perceived social support [t= 6.095, df =58, p < .05]. Findings reflect that psychiatric patients have low level of general self efficacy and perceived social support as compared to normal group

Trait emotional intelligence as a determinant of life satisfaction and subjective happiness

This study examined the relationship of trait emotional intelligence with life satisfaction and subjective happiness in university students. After detailed literature review the following hypotheses were formulated; a] There will be a positive relationship between trait emotional intelligence and life satisfaction b] There will be a positive relationship between trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness. The sample of present study consisted of 70 university students. Among them 28 were males and 42 were females. The age range was from 18 to 30 years with a mean age of 23.64 years [ +/- SD = 3.65]. Their education level was from Intermediate to Masters. The sample was recruited from University of Karachi, Karachi. Demographic information sheet was used to take personal information of the participants. Satisfaction with Life Scale [Diener et al, 1985], Subjective Happiness Scale [Lyubomirsky and Lepper, 1999] and Trait Emotional Intelligence Scale [Petrides and Furnham, 2003] were administered to measure the variables of life satisfaction, subjective happiness and trait emotional intelligence respectively. Pear son's product moment coefficient of correlation 'r' was applied to determine the relationship of trait emotional intelligence with life satisfaction and with subjective happiness. Over all analysis indicates a significant positive correlation of trait emotional intelligence with life satisfaction [r = 0.362, p <.01] and subjective happiness [r = 0.553, p <.01]

Antisocial features and aggression in drug addicts: a comparative study

To determine the differences between the Drug Addicts and Control [Normal] group on the variables of Aggression and Antisocial features. A comparative study. Sadaqat Clinic, and New Horizons Care Center, Karachi, in April 2005 to May 2006. Drug Addict patients who were Poly drug users and under treatment were selected. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that 1] Drug Addicts would score high on the variable of aggression as compared to control group. 2] Drug Addicts would score high on the variable of Antisocial Features as compared to control group. The sample consisted of two groups with equal number of drug addict patients [n=25] and normal participants [n=25]. The age range of both groups was from 25-40 [Mean=32.14] years and minimal educational level was middle. Aggression subscale and Antisocial features Subscale of Personality Assessment Inventory [PAI] were administered to measure the variables of Aggression and Antisocial features of drug addicts and Control group. t-test was applied to determine the difference between drug addicts and Control group on the variables of Aggression and Antisocial features. Results showed the significant difference between drug addicts and Control group on the variables of aggression [t=6.012, df=48, p<0.05] and Antisocial features [t=7.828, df=48, p<0.05]. Findings show that Drug Addicts have high level of aggression and antisocial features as compared to Control [normal] group

Suicide probability and depression among male prisoners

The present research was conducted in order to assess the differences among unconvicted and convicted male prisoners on the variables of suicide probability and depression. After detailed literature review it was hypothesized that the unconvicted prisoners would have higher Suicide Probability and Depression as compared to convicted prisoners. The sample consisted of two groups [20 unconvicted prisoners and 20 convicted prisoners] recruited from Sukkar Jail. The age range of both the groups was from 25 - 40 years. Suicide Probability Scale [SPS, Cull and Gill, 1988] and Beck Depression Inventory [BDI, Beck, 1961] were administered in order to determine Suicide Probability and Depression respectively in unconvinced and convicted prisoners. T-test was calculated in order to see the differences in suicide probability and depression between unconvinced and convicted prisoners. Results showed unconvinced prisoners scored higher on Suicide Probability [t= 3.591,p< .05, df=38] and on Depression [t= 2.542, p< -05, df=38] as compared to convicted prisoners