Trend of main psychiatric health problems among children and adolescent at different districts in Egypt

Background: Mental disorders and suicide can result from the interaction of mental disorders and other factors were the second leading cause of death among children aged [12-17] ys in 2010 at United States

Objective: To study the prevalence of main psychiatric health problems in Egyptian children and adolescents for early intervention to help raising the new generations in an appropriate way assuring building up healthy society

Methodology: First phase; a meta- analysis study data derived from Egyptian psychiatric informatics in children [EPIC], which were conducted from 1980 to 2005, including 57.802 subjects, studying the trend of mam psychiatric health problems among children and adolescent at different governorates. Second Phase; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders [ADHD] data are added to the data of EPIC regarding ADHD to study the prevalence of disease at different governorates

Results: The first phase includes 57.802 subjects from different governorates in Egypt. Among this group there are 38.731 subjects [67.0%], without psychiatric health problems and 19.071 subjects [33.0%], with psychiatric health problems, the trend of psychiatric health problems among children and adolescence at different periods. In general there was increase in psychiatric health problems prevalence among this age group and this difference statistically highly significant [P=0.0 001]. Also, the prevalence of main psychiatric health problems increase among those who lose their parent [81.5%] and [43.6%] on the other group and this difference was statistically highly saignificant [P=0.0 001]. Second phase, prevalence of ADHD at different governorates showed non- significant difference between all studied governorates [P=0.999]

Conclusion: About 33% of the studied group had main psychiatric health problems that showed increase by the time. A plan must be designed to overcome this problem which may lead to high morbidity and mortality among this important age group

Electroencephalographic findings in children with autism spectrum disorder

Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social communication, reciprocal social interaction, and repetitive behaviors and interests. It was previously known as Pervasive Developmental Disorders. It affect 1 in 88 children, Males are affected four times more than females. It has a complex and multifactorial aetiology

It is known to be highly heritable. It is frequently associated with comorbid psychopathology as high as 70%. The most common are intellectual disability, ADHD, Eating disorder, depression, sleep disorder and Anxiety disorder

There is no [gold standard] measure for assessing ASD so Diagnosis takes place typically from a complete history, physical and neurological evaluation. EEC has been the primary measure used to capture and characterize epileptiform and abnormal paroxysmal activity through the detection of focal spikes, which occur with increased frequency in ASD

Methods: Cross sectional descriptive study, conducted on 32 children attending the outpatient clinic of Special Need Center, Institute of Postgraduate Childhood studies, Ain Shams University

They underwent Thorough Full medical history, clinical examination, Clinical Psychiatric assessment using CARS, IQ test and BEG

Results: ASD is more common in males than females, although 53.1% had positive history of consanguinity but no statistically significant difference. As regarding EEG findings, 56.3% of children had normal EEG Finding; while 43.8% had abnormal EEG Findings. 50% with abnormal EEG Findings had subcortical Dysrythmia, 14.3% Generalized Epileptic Dysrythmia. There was no statistically significant relationship between different EEG Findings and CARS in the studied children with ASD

Conclusion: ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with altered brain connectivity

There is no agreement on EEG features in ASD. Although clinical EEG studies generally agree on the high prevalence of epileptiform abnormalities in children with ASD