RESUMEN
The bacterial strains capable of producing dextransucrase enzyme were isolated from different fruits and vegetables sources. In primary screening, five strains were selected on the basis dextransucrase production and among them L. mesenteroides KIBGE- IB26 isolated from bottle gourd [Lagenaria Vulgaris] was selected for further studies. For the enhancement of enzyme production, different physicochemical parameters were optimized. Maximum production of dextransucrase was achieved after 06 hrs using sucrose [20.0g/l] as a substrate at 25[degree]C. Maximum dextransucrase production was achieved when medium pH was kept 7.5 before sterilization. In addition, medium was also supplemented with CaCl[2] and K[2]HPO[4] and maximum enzyme production was achieved at 0.0025g/dl calcium chloride and 2.0g/dl K[2]HPO[4] with enzyme activity of 87 DSU/ml/hr. Production of dextransucrase in shorter period of time makes this strain an attractive candidate for commercial production of dextransucrase
RESUMEN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the health system of the two neighboring countries i.e. Pakistan and Afghanistan; and recommend strategies to translate the available opportunities into effective actions within the countries. Therefore, the WHO, Health System Framework is used to analyze the Pakistan and Afghanistan health system in terms of; 1] leadership and governance 2] health financing 3] health workforce 4] medical products and technologies 5] information and research and 6] service delivery. Both the countries are having multiple strengths and opportunities in terms of healthcare delivery system. On the other hand, both the countries are affected by multiple challenges including; un-met Millennium Development Goals and un-met national health indicators. Thus, appropriate strategies are required to be developed and executed in order to meet the national need for health
RESUMEN
Bacteriocins are peptides produced by a variety of different microbes and have antimicrobial activity against closely related species. These antimicrobial agents are gaining more and more attention as an alternative therapeutics not only in pharmaceutical but also as a preservative in food industries. In this study several bacterial strains were isolated from soil and screened for bacteriocin production. Among them, one strain identified as Bacillus subtilis KIBGE IB-17 on the basis of taxonomic studies and confirmed by 16S rDNA analysis. This newly isolated strain showed antibacterial activity against several Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Different concentrations of tryptone, yeast extract and NaCl and physiochemical factors such as temperature, pH and incubation period were selected as variables for maximum production of bacteriocin by using agar well diffusion method and significant effects of variables were observed on the production of Bac-IB17. A newly designed modified TY medium showed maximum bacteriocin production containing 1.0% tryptone, 0.5% yeast extract and 0.5% NaCl. Maximum Bac-IB17 production was observed at 37°C after 24 hours with initial medium pH 7.0. Bacillus subtilis KIBGE IB-17 is capable of producing a bacteriocin at a wide range of pH and temperature that makes it an ideal strain that can be used for the production of bacteriocin on industrial scale level. The identification and production of such bacteriocin like compound against a wide spectrum of microbial species is very important for food and pharmaceutical industry