Occurrence and distribution of Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) and Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) in Pará state, Brazil / Ocorrência e distribuição de Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae) e Tamarixia radiata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) no estado do Pará

This study presents and discusses the results of a survey for the presence of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and its natural enemies in Citrus spp. citrus and Murraya sp. myrtle plants in Pará State, Brazil. From 2013 to 2017, observations were made in five mesoregions of the State, and where D. citri was present, branches were examined to quantify eggs, nymphs and mummies with parasitoid emergence holes and to obtain parasitoids. D. citri adults were used to detected the bacterium through nested polymerase chain reaction (NESTED-PCR). Psyllids were found in citrus and myrtle plants. A total of 583 parasitoid specimens of Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) were obtained. The bacterial detection test was negative for Candidatus Liberibacter spp. Psyllids and parasitoids were present in the Lower Amazon, Metropolitan area, Northeastern Pará, Southeastern Pará and Southwestern Pará mesoregions. The presence of D. citri in citrus, with was previously absent in this host, alters the risk situation for Huanglongbing (HLB) in the State. These results will aid in developing preventive or containment measures through phytosanitary protection.(AU)

No presente estudo, são apresentados e discutidos os resultados de levantamento para a presença de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama e inimigos naturais em plantas de citros Citrus spp. e murta Murraya sp. no estado do Pará. No período de 2013 a 2017 foram realizadas observações em cinco mesorregiões do estado. Na presença de D. citri, ramos foram coletados com a quantificação de ovos, ninfas, múmias com orifício de emergência de parasitoide e obtenção de parasitoides. Adultos de D. citri foram analisados para a detecção da bactéria por meio de nested polymerase chain reaction (NESTED-PCR). O psilídeo foi constatado em citros e murta. Foram obtidos 583 exemplares do parasitoide Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). O teste de detecção da bactéria foi negativo, indicando ausência de Candidatus Liberibacter spp. O psilídeo e o parasitoide estão presentes nas mesorregiões do Baixo Amazonas, Metropolitana, Nordeste Paraense, Sudeste Paraense e Sudoeste Paraense. A presença de D. citri em citros, até então ausente nesse hospedeiro, altera a situação de risco do Huanglongbing (HLB) para o Estado. Esses resultados auxiliarão na formulação de medidas preventivas ou de contenção pela defesa fitossanitária.(AU)

Articular inflammation induced by an enzymatically-inactive Lys49 phospholipase A2: activation of endogenous phospholipases contributes to the pronociceptive effect

Abstract Background Arthritis is a set of inflammatory conditions that induce aching, stiffness, swelling, pain and may cause functional disability with severe consequences to the patients lives. These are multi-mediated pathologies that cannot be effectively protected and/or treated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a new model of acute arthritis, using a Lys49-PLA2 (Bothrops asper myotoxin II; MT-II) to induce articular inflammation. Methods The articular inflammation was induced by MT-II (10 g/joint) injection into the left tibio-tarsal or femoral-tibial-patellar joints. Cellular influx was evaluated counting total and differential cells that migrated to the joint. The plasma extravasation was determined using Evans blue dye. The edematogenic response was evaluated measuring the joint thickness using a caliper. The articular hypernociception was determined by a dorsal flexion of the tibio-tarsal joint using an electronic pressure-meter test. The mediators involved in the articular hypernociception were evaluated using receptor antagonists and enzymatic inhibitors. Results Plasma extravasation in the knee joints was observed 5 and 15 min after MT-II (10 g/joint) injection. MT-II also induced a polymorphonuclear cell influx into the femoral-tibial-patellar joints observed 8 h after its injection, a period that coincided with the peak of the hyperalgesic effect. Hyperalgesia was inhibited by the pretreatment of the animals with cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, with type-2 cyclooxygenase inhibitor celecoxib, with AACOCF3 and PACOCF3, inhibitors of cytosolic and Ca2+-independent PLA2s, respectively, with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140, with antibodies against TNF, IL-1, IL-6 and CINC-1 and with selective ET-A (BQ-123) and ET-B (BQ-788) endothelin receptors antagonists. The MT-II-induced hyperalgesia was not altered by the lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton, by the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist Lys-(Des-Arg9,Leu8)-bradykinin, by the histamine and serotonin antagonists promethazine and methysergide, respectively, by the nitric oxide inhibitor LNMMA and by the inhibitor of matrix 1-, 2-, 3-, 8- and 9- metalloproteinases GM6001 (Ilomastat). Conclusion These results demonstrated the multi-mediated characteristic of the articular inflammation induced by MT-II, which demonstrates its relevance as a model for arthritis mechanisms and treatment evaluation.

Articular inflammation induced by an enzymatically-inactive Lys49 phospholipase A2: activation of endogenous phospholipases contributes to the pronociceptive effect

Background Arthritis is a set of inflammatory conditions that induce aching, stiffness, swelling, pain and may cause functional disability with severe consequences to the patient's lives. These are multi-mediated pathologies that cannot be effectively protected and/or treated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a new model of acute arthritis, using a Lys49-PLA2 (Bothrops asper myotoxin II; MT-II) to induce articular inflammation. Methods The articular inflammation was induced by MT-II (10 μg/joint) injection into the left tibio-tarsal or femoral-tibial-patellar joints. Cellular influx was evaluated counting total and differential cells that migrated to the joint. The plasma extravasation was determined using Evans blue dye. The edematogenic response was evaluated measuring the joint thickness using a caliper. The articular hypernociception was determined by a dorsal flexion of the tibio-tarsal joint using an electronic pressure-meter test. The mediators involved in the articular hypernociception were evaluated using receptor antagonists and enzymatic inhibitors. Results Plasma extravasation in the knee joints was observed 5 and 15 min after MT-II (10 μg/joint) injection. MT-II also induced a polymorphonuclear cell influx into the femoral-tibial-patellar joints observed 8 h after its injection, a period that coincided with the peak of the hyperalgesic effect. Hyperalgesia was inhibited by the pretreatment of the animals with cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin, with type-2 cyclooxygenase inhibitor celecoxib, with AACOCF3 and PACOCF3, inhibitors of cytosolic and Ca2+-independent PLA2s, respectively, with bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140, with antibodies against TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6 and CINC-1 and with selective ET-A (BQ-123) and ET-B (BQ-788) endothelin receptors antagonists. The MT-II-induced hyperalgesia was not altered by the lipoxygenase inhibitor zileuton, by the bradykinin B1 receptor antagonist Lys-(Des-Arg9,Leu8)-bradykinin, by the histamine and serotonin antagonists promethazine and methysergide, respectively, by the nitric oxide inhibitor LNMMA and by the inhibitor of matrix 1-, 2-, 3-, 8- and 9- metalloproteinases GM6001 (Ilomastat). Conclusion These results demonstrated the multi-mediated characteristic of the articular inflammation induced by MT-II, which demonstrates its relevance as a model for arthritis mechanisms and treatment evaluation.(AU)

Catéter venoso totalmente implantável em 278 pacientes oncológicos / Totally implantable venous catheter in 278 oncology patients

Os catéteres totalmente implantáveis proporcionam acesso vascular prolongado, baixo risco durante inserção e remoção, fácil manutenção, conforto e segurança para o paciente e baixo índice de complicações. Nosso objetivo é relatar a experiência com 278 catéteres implantados por um único cirurgião. Foram critérios para o implante: diagnóstico histopatológico, expectativa de vida maior que 3 meses, dificuldade de acesso venoso periférico e programa de quimioterapia. Entre março de 1990 e março 1998 foram implantados 278 catéters em 272 pacientes. Tempo de permanência: 382 dias (5 a 2897) totalizando 106.457 dias...

Obesidade: aspectos práticos / Obesity: practical aspects

Säo discutidos os aspectos básicos da obesidade, particularmente seu conceito, mensuraçäo, amostragem, tipos e tratamentos, com algumas consideraçöes sobre a personalidade da pessoa obesa em relaçäo aos hábitos alimentares e aspectos psicológicos