Ultrasound and computed tomography in diagnosis of splenic emergencies

Seventeen patients 12 males and 5 females with an age range between 12 and 60 years, suspected clinically to have acute splenic lesions, were examined by U.S. and or C.T. The sole use of U.S. and or C.T. established the diagnosis in all cases except in case of the small abscess. The U.S. findings of this case was not conclusive, however additional C.T. confirmed the diagnosis of abscess by virtue of the presence of air loculus within

CT evaluation of cases with renal and perirenal infections

Twenty five patients, 19 males and 6 females with age between 6-81 years complaining of signs and symptoms of renal and perirenal infections were evaluated by computed tomography. Nine patients were found to have renal abscesses, 5 pyonephrosis and 3 primary perirenal abscesses. The evidence of focal or multifocal interstitial bacterial nephritis was demonstrated in 6 patients and xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in 2. Thickening of Gerota's fascia with or without perinephric fluid collections as a result of renal infection were encountered in 11 cases. In 2 cases, bilateral renal involvement was noted with evidence of chronic pyelonephritis in one kidney and acute nephritis in the other. CT proved to be a sensitive diagnostic tool for evaluating renal and perirenal infections

Temporal lobe epilepsy: evaluation by EEG, CT scan and MRI

Twenty five consecutive patients with temporal lobe epilepsy were studied with electroencephalography [EEG], cranial computed tomography CT and magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] to localize an epileptogenic focus in the temporal lobe region. The degree of agreement between EEG and CT scan by Kappa is 0.22 denoting poor relation, while the degree of agreement between EEG and MRI is 0.42 which is high denoting equal sensitivity in demonstrating lesions in the temporal lobe, MRI had the same sensitivity as CT scan in detection organic lesions. However, MRI showed abnormal finding in 31% of the cases diagnosed to be normal by CT scan examination. In conclusion, both EEG and MRI were complementary to each other in the diagnosis of cases with temporal lobe epilepsy and considered to be the most reliable tools in localization of temporal lobe lesions

Consciousness and behavioral disturbances with intracranial tumours in children

This study included 28 patients with intracranial tumors whose ages ranged from 2 to 10 years. They were subjected to thorough clinical evaluation, with special inquiry about the state of consciousness and higher cerebral functions, fundus examination, plain X-ray skull, computed axial tomography and pathological studies [in 4 cases]. Five cases were supratentorial tumors and the other 23 cases were infratentorial tumors. Only one of the cases with supratentorial tumors developed disturbances in consciousness whereas 9 cases with infratentorial tumors showed evident disturbed consciousness. Mental and behavioral changes in the form of disorientation, lack of concentration and impairment of memory, non cooperative response and disinterest to surrounding persons were present in 7 cases with infratentorial tumors. Generalized seizures were noticed in 2 infratentorial tumors. Correlation between seizures, mental symptoms and disturbed consciousness is discussed