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Background: Chronic rhino sinusitis is a widely prevalent and significant health problem but still its etiology is not clearly understood. It is a heterogeneous condition with persistent inflammation of the mucosa of the sinuses. The present study was aimed at evaluating the characteristics of the subjects most frequently affected by inflammatory sinunasal disease. Materials and methods: The present comparative study was conducted in department of ENT JSS Medical College and Hospital, Mysore from November 2012 to June 2014. A routine hemogram (HB, TC, DC, BT, CT and Platelet count) and urine examination (albumin, sugar, and microscopy) were done for the patients. All the patients in active stage of the disease were treated with course of suitable antibiotic, systemic antihistamines and local decongestants. All the data obtained was arranged in a tabulated form and analysed using SPSS software. Data was expressed as percentage of total data. Results: There were 15 subjects (30%) that were aged between 18-25 years of age. Majority of subjects were in this age group. There were 18% (n=9) subjects between 26-30 years of age. There were 58% (n=29) males in this study, making the majority. There were 21 (42%) females in the study. Conclusion: From the above study it can be concluded that the majority of subjects that were affected were males and of the age range between 18- 25 years of age.
RESUMEN
Introduction: HER-2/neu status determines the eligibility for targeted therapy with trastuzumab in breast carcinoma. Evaluation for HER-2/neu protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has become the gold standard. Aims: Since data on HER-2/neu assessment by IHC and FISH and studies regarding concordance between the results of the two techniques are limited, especially from India, we sought to study HER-2 gene amplification status by FISH in equivocal (2+) cases by IHC and also study aberrant signal patterns. Settings and Design: Mastectomies and breast core biopsies, equivocal for HER-2/neu protein expression, were analyzed for HER-2 amplification by FISH. Materials and Methods: IHC (DAKO) and FISH (PathVysion dual-probe system) tests were performed on 68 of 112 (after exclusion) 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF)-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and evaluated according to American Society of Clinical Oncology ASCO guidelines. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square (χ2 ) test and the two-tailed P value were applied using Graphpad Quickcels software, version 2006. Results: It was found that 73.5% of the IHC 2+ patients were negative for HER-2/neu amplification, 25% were positive (ratios ranging from 2.3 to 5.6) and 1 patient was equivocal (2.2). Retesting FISH HER-2 equivocal case on another tumor block by IHC demonstrated HER-2 overexpression of protein 3+, thus resolving the equivocal status. Polysomy and HER-2 genetic heterogeneity were seen frequently. Conclusions: The findings reiterate that IHC HER-2 equivocal cases are a heterogenous group and need FISH for further categorization. Low concurrence (25%) rate between both IHC and FISH results in the equivocal scenario can be attributed to tumors with polysomy 17 and HER-2/neu genetic heterogeneity.