The analysis of videotape utilization as the additional media for stusying the neuro-anatomy of medical students.

Videotapes in neuroanatomy produced by the School of Medical Illustration and Audiovisual Technology, become a popular learning media amongs the medical students. The questionnaire for using of these videoyapes by the 3rd year medical students of Siriraj Hospital were analysed in the year B.E. 2537. Seventy-eight percents of questionnaires were responded by the medical students and half of them had used the videotapes to assist in learning this subject. They found that the videotapes are very useful. It stimulus the interesting and easy to understanding and make them to get more detail of learning.

Injury of the radial nerve in relation to fracture of the humeral shaft.

Analysis of the measurement of the humeral shaft fracture in roentgenograms of 19 adults with radial nerve injuries and 27 adults without radial nerve injuries, included types, sites of fractures and the position of the tips of the upper and lower fragments as well as the analysis of the measurement of the humeral length and the pathway of the radial nerve that lies on the shaft of the humerus. After comparing and studying the correlation coefficient of each other in every category, it was found that there was no correlation between the type, sites of the tip of the proximal and distal fragment of fractures and the pathway of the radial nerve, but there is one statistically significant difference at the site of the fracture between the humeral shaft fracture with and without radial nerve injury. The average measurement of the humeral shaft fracture with radial nerve injury is 15.03 centimeters from the tip of the greater tuberosity to the tip of the proximal fragment and 9.17 centimeters from the lateral epicondyle to the tip of the distal fragment. The average length of these fractures is 4.51 centimeters.

The first palmar interosseous muscle.

The descriptions of the first palmar interosseoua muscle are not in agreement in various textbooks of anatomy. Many textbooks claim that there is no such muscle; many others differently describe this muscle concerning its various details. The author describes the results of his study in Thai cadavers. The first palmar interosseous was found in every one of 76 hands; the details of the muscles were nearly the same as described in Gray’s Anatomy.

Persistence of the axial artery of the lower extremity in Thais.

The lower extremities of 233 (119 male and 114 female) Thai cadavers were studied during the periods 1966-1967 and 1987-1988 in the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital. The age of the cadaver ranged from 16-98 years. The pattern of the arterial supply of 440 lower extremities of the cadavers was recorded, with right-side supply being 224 and left-side 216. Various types of persistence of the axial artery were found in 13 of the 440 lower extremities (3%). In one left lower-extremity, the axial artery remained as the main artery arising from the internal iliac artery, passing through the infrapiriform foramen and descending with the sciatic nerve to be a popliteal artery. In eight lower extremities, the distal segment of the middle part of the axial artery in the popliteal fossa persisted as the lower part of the popliteal artery (in teo of the lower extremities), and the root of the anterior tibial artery (in six of the lower extremities). In four lower extremities, the axial artery remained as the peroneal artery which is a direct continustion of the politeal srtery. The posterior tibial artery was absent in these cases.

Patterns of the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct in Thais.

Common bile duct and main pancreatic duct of 89 Thai cadavers; 52 males and 37 females, were studied. Five types of the pattern of opening of common bile duct main pancreatic duct were found. The types which both ducts united to be hepatopancreatic duct before opening into the duodenal lumen were more common than the individual opening types, found in 61.8% and 35.95% respectivity. The rest was a special type which pancreatic duct divided into two channels : one channels : one channel joined common bile duct outside duodenum and the other joined the common bile duct in the wall of duodenum. The distribution of types in both sexes were not statistically significant difference. The length of hepatopancreatic duct varied from 1.3 to 11.95 millemeters.

Ansa cervicalis and herve to superior belly of omohyoid.

Eighty Cardavers were studied. The mean kength of nerve to superior belly of omohyoid was 4.37 cm., with the range varying from 1.39 to 8.26 cm. There was no trouble swinging part of superior belly of Omohyoid together with its nerve, to posterior surface of posterior cricoarytenoid. The pattern of a nsa cervicalis varied in many difference types not as simple as described in standard textbooks.

Radial nerve and humerus.

Analysis of the measurement of the humeral length and the pathway of the radial nerve that passes on the shaft of the humerus was made in 43 cadavers (86 humerus), 22 males, 21 adult. The average lengths of the humerus in the males were 28.02 centimeters (right) and 28.05 centimeters (left), in the females they were 26.36 centimeters (right) and 26.28 centimeters (left). The pathways of the radial nerve that passes from the humerus were measured: From the tip of the greater tuberosity to the point where the radial nerve passes from the humerus, the average lengths in the males were 17.87 centimeters (right) and 17.86 centimeters (left), in the females were 16.27 centimeters (right) and 16.49 centimeters (left), From the tip of the greater tuberosity to the point the radial nerve passes on the humerus, the average lengths in the males were 12.31 centimeters (right) and 12.38 centimeters (left), in the females they were 10.97 centimeters (right) and 11.5 centimeters (left), and 11.5 centimeters (left), From the lateral epicondyle to the point the radial nerve passes from the humerus, the average lengths in the males were 10.14 centimeters (right) and 10.19 centimeters (left), in the females they were 10.09 centimeters (right) and 9.80 centimeters (left): From the lateral epicondyle to the point that the radial nerve passes on the humerus, the average lengths in the males were 15.70 centimeters (right) and 15.67 centimeters (left), in the females they were 15.39 centimeters (right) and 14.78 centimeters (left): From the point that the radial nerve passes on the humerus to the point that it passes from the humerus, the average lengths in the males were 5.56 centimeters (right) and 5.49 centimeters (left) in the females they were 5.36 centimeters (right) and 4.89 centimeters (left).

Report on two cases of cadaveric spasm.

The authors made a report of two incidents of suicide firing pistol. The first individual definitely fired directly into the right temple (Fig. 2 a) with the right hand but the pistol was removed before a photograph was taken. Following postmortem examination by the Department of Medical Jurisprudence, the authors made an examination of the brain which was preserved in 10% formalin solution. The right cerebral hemisphere was nearly totally destroyed together with the brain stem until separation of the cerebellum. This is the main point where nervous connection from the suppressor area is made with cells in the spinal cord supplying muscles used for griping; unable to loose their contraction. The continued grabping of the hand causes the condition called cadaveric spasm. The second case was from news and pictures published by a husband was not newspaper. A couple used separate pistols to kill themselves. The picture showed he dead woman, but the husband was not photographed as he did not die immediately. He was sent to a hospital where he died afterward. The right hand of the dead woman lay on her right hip, griping the pistol in a condition of cadaveric spasm. Still the investigation was as in the first case were sure that the woman killed herself, because if she was killed by her husband the pistol would not be in her hand. The brains of both were examined. The cerebral hemispheres of the woman were mostly destroyed by the bullet. The cerebellum was separated because of the total destruction of the total destruction of the brain stem making nervous connection between the cerebral cortex to cells in the spinal cord impossible as in the first case, causing cadaveric spasm. The two cases demonstrate a cause of cadaveric spasm. This condition can be produced in living persons by hypnotism.

Discovery of dinosaurs in Thailand and tools made from petrified wood of sung noen culture.

The authors studied palaeolithic and mesolithic tools made from petrified wood discovered at Amphoe Sung Noen, Nakhorn Ratchasima Province; about the time when petrified wood appeared and made comparison with the palaeolithic tools found in Burma(Anyathian culture) and pebble tools of Fengnoi culture of Kanchanaburi Province. The time was solved by the recent discovery of footprints of Dinosaur at Phu Luang, Loei Province which appeared at about 150 millions years ago. From the number of artifacts found and the similarity in size and shape at Nakhorn Ratchasima Province as “Sung Noen Culture”