RESUMEN
Pediatricians deal with cases with the congenital malformations and malformation syndromes interest many of them. A lot of information about genes involved in development is available now. Genetics of hand development and genes involved in polydactyly syndromes is discussed in this article as a prototype to know about genetics of malformations: how it is studied and what is known. Genetic and chromosomal defects are often associated with congenital malformations. Polydactyly is one of the commonly seen malformations and genetic defects of many malformation syndromes associated with polydactyly are known. The role of genetic defect in polydactyly syndromes and the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes is discussed in this review article.
Asunto(s)
Dedos/anomalías , Genotipo , Humanos , Mutación , Fenotipo , Polidactilia/genéticaRESUMEN
Here it is reported a male newborn baby with features of asphyxiating thoracic dystrophy (ATD) with facial dysmorphism. The disproportionate rhizomelic short stature, narrow thorax, long fibulae, wide metaphysis and trident acetabule are consistent with diagnosis of ATD. In addition the baby had facial dysmorphism and broad thumbs and great toes similar to Oto-palato-digital syndrome type II (OPD II). The association of these features with ATD is not reported till date.
Asunto(s)
Asfixia Neonatal/complicaciones , Anomalías Craneofaciales/complicaciones , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Osteocondrodisplasias/complicaciones , Radiografía Torácica , Tórax/anomalías , Pulgar/patología , Dedos del Pie/patologíaRESUMEN
Ring chromosome is a rare chromosomal abnormality. We report a case of ring chromosome 13 associated with ambiguous genitalia. Karyotype is the important investigation in the evaluation of a case with ambiguous genitalia and chromosomal analysis should not be limited to only presence of X and Y chromosomes.
Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Cromosomas Humanos Par 13 , Discapacidades del Desarrollo/genética , Cara/anomalías , Humanos , Lactante , Masculino , Cromosomas en Anillo , Trastornos del Desarrollo Sexual/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recently atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are considered to be inflammatory diseases. The genetic polymorphism in inflammatory markers has been well studied and found to be associated with development of CAD. AIM: To study the association of biallelic polymorphism at position 196 in exon 6 of tumor necrosis factor 2 (TNFR2) gene and coronary artery disease. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: The study design was a prospective case control study conducted at a tertiary referral center mainly catering to the north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and one hundred and fifty age matched controls were genotyped for TNFR2 gene by polymerase chain reaction followed by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Genotype frequencies were compared in patients and controls by Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between genotypes and disease, incorporating other variables into the model. RESULTS: The incidence of CAD in those with MM genotype was 65% and in those with RM genotype was 42%. Genotype frequency shows significant association of MM genotype with development of CAD (P < 0.001; odds ratio-2.585; 95% confidence interval 1.533-4.359). The association of TNFR2 genotype with CAD persisted on logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSION: MM genotype of TNFR2 gene is associated with development of CAD and RM genotype appears to be protective.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Distribución de Chi-Cuadrado , Niño , Enfermedad Coronaria/epidemiología , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Humanos , Incidencia , India/epidemiología , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Polimorfismo Genético , Polimorfismo de Longitud del Fragmento de Restricción , Estudios Prospectivos , Receptores del Factor de Necrosis Tumoral/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: DNA damage has been found to play an important role in atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Genetic polymorphisms of the genes coding for enzymes involved in the metabolism of genotoxins result in different phenotypes with respect to their ability to detoxify these agents. In the present study the contribution of the polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferase gene to the development of coronary artery disease has been investigated. METHODS: One hundred and ninety seven angiographically proven patients with coronary artery disease and one hundred and ninety eight age-matched controls were genotyped for glutathione S- transferase polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. Genotype frequencies were compared in patients and controls by Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between genotype and disease, incorporating other variables into the model. RESULTS: GSTT1 null genotype was significantly decreased in patients with coronary artery disease. No significant association was found with GSTM1 genotypes. No such association was seen with smokers. CONCLUSION: Null genotype of GSTT1 is protective against coronary artery disease in our population.