Knowledge of oral and oropharyngeal cancer by dental surgeons: an integrative review / Conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas sobre cáncer de boca y orofaríngeo: una revisión integrativa / Conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas sobre câncer de boca e orofaringe: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify the evidence available in the literature on the knowledge of dentists regarding risk factors and early diagnosis of oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Methods: it is an integrative review of the literature. Boolean descriptors and operators were searched in the PubMed and LILACS databases, using gray literature, in English, Spanish and Portuguese. Results: of the 79 PubMed and 152 LILACS articles, 24 were selected. Of these, eight showed good knowledge of dentists, while most showed low or little knowledge of risk factors and early diagnosis in dentists. All studies, however, highlight the need for continuing education to improve and maintain knowledge about risk factors and early diagnosis. Conclusions: most dental surgeons have insufficient knowledge of oral/oropharyngeal cancer. Continued education is suggested, aiming at improving knowledge and early diagnosis.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre el conocimiento de los quirúrgicos dentistas cuanto a los factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz del cáncer de boca/ orofaríngeo. Métodos: revisión integrativa de la literatura. Se realizaron búsquedas mediante los descriptores y operadores booleanos en base de datos PubMed y LILACS, con uso de literatura gris, en los idiomas inglés, español y portugués. Resultados: de los 79 artículos del PubMed y 152 del LILACS, 24 seleccionados. De estos, ocho mostraron bueno conocimiento de los dentistas, mientras la mayoría mostró bajo o poco conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz en dentistas. Todos los estudios, aunque, destacan la necesidad de educación continuada para mejorar y mantener el conocimiento sobre factores de riesgo y diagnóstico precoz. Conclusiones: gran parte de los quirúrgicos dentistas presenta un conocimiento insuficiente sobre cáncer de boca/orofaríngeo. Sugerida educación continuada, objetivando mejorar el conocimiento y el diagnóstico precoz.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar as evidências disponíveis na literatura sobre o conhecimento dos cirurgiõesdentistas quanto aos fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce do câncer de boca e orofaringe. Métodos: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Foram realizadas buscas mediante os descritores e operadores booleanos na base de dados PubMed e LILACS, com uso de literatura cinza, nos idiomas inglês, espanhol e portugês. Resultados: dos 79 artigos do PubMed e 152 do LILACS, 24 foram selecionados. Destes, oito mostraram bom conhecimento dos dentistas, enquanto a maioria mostrou baixo ou pouco conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce em dentistas. Todos os estudos, no entanto, destacam a necessidade de educação continuada para melhorar e manter o conhecimento sobre fatores de risco e diagnóstico precoce. Conclusões: grande parte dos cirurgiões-dentistas apresenta um conhecimento insuficiente sobre câncer de boca/orofaringe. É sugerida a educação continuada, visando melhorar o conhecimento e o diagnóstico precoce.

Smoking-Alcohol-Sex Exposure and Knowledge About Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancer Among Brazilian Adolescents: An Exploratory-Observational Approach

Abstract Objective: To investigate the involvement of young Brazilian students about five behaviors: tobacco use, alcohol consumption, sexual intercourse, knowledge about HPV, and knowledge about oral and oropharyngeal cancer. Material and Methods: Through a cross-section design, we explored some factors that might be associated with boys and girls. Statistical Regression methods were applied to identify differences, considering the estimation of the Odds Ratio. Results: Half of the sample had already consumed alcohol and at least 1 in 10 individuals had already tried smoking. One-third of adolescents have had sexual intercourse. Three factors related to boys were associated in the multiple regression analysis: have heard about HPV, have not heard about oral cancer, and think that HPV can cause oropharyngeal cancer. In conclusion, it seems that boys and girls were equally exposed to smoking-alcohol-sex; however, some differences were verified concerning the knowledge about HPV and oral / oropharyngeal cancer. Conclusion: Keep monitoring adolescents should be a priority to our study area, considering that those youngers had already being exposed to the risk factors for cancer.

Geographic tongue and psoriasis: clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical and genetic correlation - a literature review

Abstract: Geographic tongue is a chronic, inflammatory, and immune-mediated oral lesion of unknown etiology. It is characterized by serpiginous white areas around the atrophic mucosa, which alternation between activity, remission and reactivation at various locations gave the names benign migratory glossitis and wandering rash of the tongue. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with frequent cutaneous involvement and an immunogenetic basis of great importance in clinical practice. The association between geographic tongue and psoriasis has been demonstrated in various studies, based on observation of its fundamental lesions, microscopic similarity between the two conditions and the presence of a common genetic marker, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) HLA-C*06. The difficulty however in accepting the diagnosis of geographic tongue as oral psoriasis is the fact that not all patients with geographic tongue present psoriasis. Some authors believe that the prevalence of geographic tongue would be much greater if psoriatic patients underwent thorough oral examination. This study aimed to develop a literature review performed between 1980 and 2014, in which consultation of theses, dissertations and selected scientific articles were conducted through search in Scielo and Bireme databases, from Medline and Lilacs sources, relating the common characteristics between geographic tongue and psoriasis. We observed that the frequency of oral lesions is relatively common, but to establish a correct diagnosis of oral psoriasis, immunohistochemical and genetic histopathological analyzes are necessary, thus highlighting the importance of oral examination in psoriatic patients and cutaneous examination in patients with geographic tongue.

Diagnosis of secondary syphilis through oral lesionsin two patients with negative serology: case reports / Diagnóstico de sífilis secundária através daslesões orais em dois pacientes com sorologia negativa: relatos de caso

Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection, and oral lesion can be the first manifestation. The serology test, such as Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test, is accepted as an effective testing strategy for detecting syphilis, although false-negative reaction can occur, and oral lesions may be pivotal to achievethe diagnosis. We report two cases of seronegative secondary syphilis, a human immunodeficiency virus positive patient and a no HIV positive patient,whose histopathological exams were pivotal to achieve the diagnosis of syphilis. The serology may be negative in secondary syphilis and the oral lesionsmay represent the unique method to diagnostic

A sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmissível, e a lesão oral pode representar sua primeira manifestação. Testes sorológicos, como Venereal Disease Research Laboratory, são rotineiramente utilizados para detecção de sífilis, entretanto, em alguns casos, podem ocorrer resultados falso-negativos. Nesses casos, as lesões orais são essenciais para o diagnóstico. Relatamos dois casos de sífilis secundária com sorologia negativa, em um paciente HIV positivo e um paciente HIV negativo, que obtiveram o diagnóstico de sífilis a partir do exame histopatológico das lesões orais. Os testes sorológicos podem ser negativos na sífilis secundária, e as lesões orais podem representar o único método diagnóstico.

Sedação inalatória com óxido nitroso/oxigênio: uma opção eficaz para pacientes odontofóbicos / Nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation sedation: an effective option for odontophobic patients

O medo é o principal obstáculo para o atendimento odontológico seguro e de sucesso. A utilização da sedação inalatória vem se mostrando eficaz para o controle de comportamento destes pacientes. Entretanto, no Brasil, ainda poucos cirurgiões-dentistas são habilitados e lançam mão desta ferramenta. O objetivo deste relato é demonstrar um caso de paciente odontofóbico atendido com sucesso através da sedação inalatória. Esta técnica é eficaz para o tratamento odontológico de pacientes odontofóbicos, permitindo a colaboração do paciente e diminuindo os riscos de emergências médicas.

The fear is the main obstacle to a safe and successful dental care. The use of inhalation sedation has proved effective for controlling behavior of these patients. However, in Brazil, yet few dentists are enabled, and lay hold of this tool. The objective of this report is to demonstrate a case of odontophobia patient treated successfully by inhalation sedation. This technique is effective for dental treatment of odontophobic patients, allowing the patient’s collaboration and decreasing the risk of medical emergencies.

Câncer de boca: análise do tempo decorrido da detecção ao início do tratamento em centro de Oncologia de Maceió / Oral cancer: evaluation of the time from detection to treatment initiation at oncology center of Maceió

O atraso no diagnóstico do câncer de boca é a principal causa de um prognóstico ruim. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo decorrido entre a detecção do câncer até o início do tratamento em Centro de Oncologia de Maceió. Foram avaliados 50 pacientes entre 2007 e 2008. A análise foi feita em quatro momentos. O perfil dos pacientes correspondeu a homens idosos, de baixa renda, analfabetos e residentes no interior. O maior tempo identificado foi entre a detecção da lesão e o atendimento especializado. Os resultados indicam a necessidade de ampliar o conhecimento dos pacientes quanto aos fatores de risco, de agilidade na busca de atendimento especializado e de maior envolvimento profissional no diagnóstico precoce.

The delay in the diagnosis of oral cancer is the leading cause of a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the time elapsed between the detection of cancer to the beginning of the treatment at an oncology center in Maceio. We evaluated 50 patients between 2007 and 2008. The analysis was conducted in four stages. The profile of patients corresponded to older men, low income, illiterate and living in the countryside. The longest delays were identified between the detection of the lesion and specialized care. The results indicate the need to expand the knowledge of patients on risk factors, a rapid search for specialized care, and greater professional involvement in early diagnosis.